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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2019 Dec 24;131:105968. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105968

Table 1.

Review characteristics and factors assessed by HPV vaccination outcomes

Author, year;
Search time period;
review type		 # of studies/pubs (k);
Study design		 Population;1
Country2 		Modifiable factors assessed AMSTAR3
Outcome: HPV vaccine series initiation
Loke, 2017

Jan 2016 – Mar 4, 2017

Systematic review		 k=42 studies

Cross-sectional; data-report; retrospective cohort; prospective cohort		 Parents of males and females 9-21 yrs

U.S., United Kingdom, Norway, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan, Canada, Australia, Netherlands, Germany, France, Denmark, Latvia

  • Individual: Parental acceptance, information, parental concerns (safety, sexual activity, perceived susceptibility), peer encouragement parental preference to wait until older

  • Provider: Provider recommendation

 Yes: 5
No: 4
CA: 2
NA: 0
Radisic, 2017

Oct 2009 – Jul 10, 2015

Systematic review		 k=18 studies

Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods		 Parents of males ages 9-18 yrs

U.S., Canada, Italy, Denmark

  • Individual: Parental attitudes towards vaccinations in general, beliefs, concerns (efficacy, safety, related to sexual activity), cues to action, cost, egalitarianism beliefs, parent-child dialogue, perceived risks and benefits, religion

  • Provider: Provider recommendation

 Yes: 6
No: 3
CA: 2
NA: 0
Vollrath, 2017

Jan 1, 1999 – Mar 1, 2017

Integrative review		 k=37 publications

Cluster randomized trial; cross-sectional; nonrandomized control trial; qualitative; pre/posttest; randomized intervention trial; retrospective chart review; systematic review		 Parents of adolescent males and females
U.S., Australia, Canada, Georgia, Honduras, India, Iran, Italy, Pakistan

  • Individual: Adolescent receipt of other vaccines; Parental attitudes (perceived susceptibility, need, concerns about safety), knowledge

  • Provider: Provider recommendation

  • Clinic: Patient reminders; provider education; provider reminder/recall

 NA
Walling, 2016

Jan 1, 2006 – Apr 30, 2015

Systematic review		 k=51 publications

Intervention studies		 Males and females 11-26 yrs U.S.

  • Clinic: Community, practice, and policy level interventions (physician-focused; reminder & recall systems; school-based programs; social marketing).

 Yes: 5
No: 4
CA: 2
NA: 0
Valentino, 2016

N/A

Literature review		 N/A Adolescent females; young adult females; parents of adolescent females; providers U.S.

  • Individual: Adolescents’ attitudes, knowledge; Parental concerns (safety, sexual connotation), cost, knowledge, perceived risk

  • Provider: Cost, knowledge, perceived parental attitudes regarding HPV vaccination, provider recommendation, recommendation practices, time

 NA
Small, 2014

Jan 1, 2009 – Jun 1, 2011

Literature review		 k=19 publications

Longitudinal, cross-sectional		 Females; parents of adolescent females; providers

U.S.

  • Individual: Parental concerns (safety), cost, HPV risk, history of preventative health care, insurance, knowledge

  • Provider: Provider recommendation

  • Clinic: Vaccine availability, vaccination opportunity in several types of health care visits

 NA
Trim, 2012

2001-2011

Systematic review		 k=53 studies

Cross-sectional		 Parents of adolescents U.S., EU, Canada, Asia, New Zealand, Australia

  • Individual: Parental attitudes towards vaccines in general and the HPV vaccine, behaviors, concerns (safety), knowledge

 Yes: 2
No: 6
CA: 2
NA: 1
Bartlett, 2011

2006 – Dec 30, 2010

Literature review		 k=14 studies

Retrospective cohort, prospective cohort, randomized retrospective cohort, mixed methods		 Females ages 9-18 yrs; providers

U.S.

  • Individual: Parental attitudes, concerns (related to sexual connotation, safety, efficacy), knowledge, need for accurate vaccine information

  • Provider: Attitudes, cost, provider recommendation

  • Clinic: Vaccine availability

 NA
Outcome: Vaccine series completion
Gallagher, 2016

Database inception – Feb 2014

Systematic review		 k=48 studies in 61 publications

No study designs mentioned; included only those reporting multivariable analyses or qualitative findings		 Males and females 9-19 yrs

U.S., Canada, Europe

  • Individual: Concomitant healthcare, healthcare utilization, risk behaviors; Parental history of preventative health care, knowledge

  • Clinic: Accessibility, delivery model (health facility, school-based, mixed-model)

 Yes: 8
No: 3
CA: 0
NA: 0
Outcome: Vaccine series initiation and completion
Rosen, 2018

N/A – Aug 2016

Systematic review		 K=60 publications

Cross-sectional; qualitative; retrospective study		 Healthcare clinicians defined as an individual qualified to deliver health care services to patients within recommended age group for vaccination

U.S.

  • Provider: Provider knowledge and beliefs about HPV and HPV vaccine; attitudes and beliefs about recommending HPV vaccine; intentions to recommend HPV vaccine; professional practices regarding HPV vaccination

 Yes: 3
No: 6
CA: 2
NA: 0
Ryan, 2018

1996 – Nov 2016

Systematic review		 k=15 publications

Intervention; randomized controlled trial; qualitative focus groups; survey		 Parents of adolescent males and females; women 18+ yrs; providers

U.S.

  • Individual: Parental acceptance of HPV vaccine, attitudes, awareness, healthcare decision-making, intention, knowledge

  • Provider: Provider perspective on patients, recommendation

 Yes: 3
No: 6
CA: 2
NA: 0
Kim, 2017

Jun 2006 – Feb 2015

Systematic review		 k=22 publications

Cross-sectional, intervention, mixed methods, qualitative		 Immigrant parents of males and females age-eligible for HPV vaccine

  • Individual: Parental awareness, concerns, knowledge, willingness, healthcare utilization

  • Provider: Provider recommendation

 Yes: 4
No: 6
CA: 1
NA: 0
Galbraith, 2016

Database inception – Jan 2015

Integrative review		 k=67 studies

Cross-sectional; qualitative; mixed methods; longitudinal cohort; intervention tests		 Parents of African-American and Latino adolescent females

U.S.

  • Individual: Adolescent history of preventative care; Parental acculturation, attitudes, beliefs, concerns (safety, effectiveness), cost, history of preventative health care, information source, intentions to vaccinate, knowledge, parent- daughter communication (sex-related), social norms, social support

  • Provider: Provider recommendations

 NA
Niccolai, 2015

Database inception – Jul 2014

Systematic review		 k=14 studies

Randomized controlled trials; quasi-experimental		 Males and females ≤ 18 yrs

U.S.

  • Clinic: Community and practice level interventions (physician-focused; reminder & recall systems; school-based programs; social marketing)

 Yes: 5
No: 5
CA: 1
NA: 0
Holman, 2014

Jan 1, 2009 – Dec 31, 2012

Systematic review		 k=55 publications

Quantitative, qualitative		 Parents of adolescents 11-17 yrs; health care professionals; under-served & disadvantaged populations; adolescent males

U.S.

  • Individual: Parental awareness, beliefs, concerns (accessibility, safety, effectiveness), cost, HPV related experiences, parent-child communication, perceived risks and benefits, religion

  • Provider: Cost, knowledge, perceived parental attitudes regarding HPV vaccination, recommendation practices

 Yes: 0
No: 8
CA: 2
NA: 1
Kessels, 2012

2006 – Mar 7, 2011

Systematic review		 k=25 studies in 33 publications

Cross-sectional, longitudinal		 Females 9-18 yrs

U.S.

  • Individual: Adolescents’ healthcare utilization, information source, knowledge, vaccination history, sexual activity related factors; Parental attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, history of sexually transmitted infections or HPV related diseases, intention to vaccinate

  • Provider: Provider recommendation

 Yes: 6
No: 3
CA: 2
NA: 0
1

Extracted data related to vaccination among adolescents only.

2

Extracted data related to HPV vaccination in the U.S. only.

3

Assessed for systematic reviews only. CA = Can’t answer; NA = Not Applicable.