Table 1. Clinical parameters of the study population.
| Group 1 (n = 36) | Group2 (n = 252) | Group3 (n = 78) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75.4 ± 12.5 | 72.3 ± 13.5 | 72.8 ± 13.0 | 0.388 |
| Female gender* | 21 (58%) | 109 (43%) | 45 (58%) | 0.034 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 124 ± 24 | 123 ± 21 | 121 ± 21 | 0.821 |
| DBP | 70 ± 15 | 69 ± 14 | 67 ± 14 | 0.538 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 98 ± 25 | 91 ± 20 | 93 ± 22 | 0.055 |
| Mortality | 13 (36%) | 63 (25%) | 27 (35%) | 0.137 |
| Etiology of infection | 0.364 | |||
| Pneumonia | 19 (53%) | 95 (38%) | 36 (46%) | |
| GI | 2 (6%) | 38 (15%) | 10 (13%) | |
| UTI or APN | 8 (22%) | 68 (27%) | 21 (27%) | |
| Musculoskeletal | 1 (4%) | 19 (8%) | 3 (4%) | |
| Abscess | 5 (13%) | 20 (8%) | 3 (4%) | |
| Et al. | 1 (3%) | 12 (5%) | 5 (6%) | |
| Bed-ridden state | 7 (19%) | 73 (29%) | 22 (28%) | 0.490 |
| Nursing facility | 13 (36%) | 69 (28%) | 20 (26%) | 0.491 |
| Hypertension | 14 (39%) | 105 (42%) | 40 (51%) | 0.276 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (31%) | 71 (28%) | 23 (30%) | 0.943 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (19%) | 36 (14%) | 10 (13%) | 0.638 |
| Cerebrovascular ds | 14 (39%) | 96 (38%) | 28 (36%) | 0.929 |
| Cardiovascular ds | 7 (19%) | 30 (12%) | 5 (6%) | 0.118 |
| Pulmonary ds | 2 (6%) | 31 (12%) | 13 (17%) | 0.246 |
| Liver ds | 1 (3%) | 25 (10%) | 7 (9%) | 0.372 |
| Musculoskeletal ds | 9 (25%) | 52 (21%) | 13 (17%) | 0.561 |
| Recent surgery | 3 (8%) | 16 (6%) | 2 (3%) | 0.353 |
| Malignancy | 5 (14%) | 46 (18%) | 19 (24%) | 0.342 |
| SAPS3 | 36.3 ± 5.4 | 35.3 ± 7.6 | 34.3 ± 7.3 | 0.369 |
| Length of ICU | 8.8 ± 11.1 | 12.9 ± 19.6 | 8.3 ± 8.9 | 0.071 |
| Length of hospitalization* | 23.5 ± 22.7 | 25.5 ± 22.2 | 17.9 ± 14.0 | 0.019 |
| Initial CVP | 5.8 ± 2.9 | 6.0 ± 3.6 | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 0.276 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%). SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic BP, GI: gastrointestinal, UTI: urinary track infection, APN: acute pyelonephritis, ds: diseases, ICU: intensive care unit, CVP: central venous pressure.
*Bonferroni correction was done; p value for female gender- 1 vs. 2: 0.107, 1 vs. 3: 1.000, 2 vs. 3: 0.028, p value for length of hospitalization—1 vs. 2: 0.615, 1 vs. 3: 0.106, 2 vs. 3: 0.005.