Expression of Ccl2
(A), Ccl3
(B), Ccl4
(C), Ccl7
(E), Cxcl1
(F), and Cxcl2
(G) significantly increased on post-operative day (pod) 1. In contrast, increases in Ccl5
(D) expression were observed on pod 14. Increases in gene expression were observed for all chemokine receptors (H—L) on pod 1. While Ccr1
(H), Ccr3
(J), and Cxcr2
(L) expression decreased by pod 7, Ccr2
(I) and Ccr5
(K) levels remained significantly elevated on pod 14. All data are expressed the relative level (fold) to compare with pod 0 (basal level) after normalization against Gapdh as a housekeeping gene (n = 6 mouse at each time-point). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01 (Dunnett’s post hoc test, vs day 0).