Table 3. Effects of playing football on secondary outcomes compared to all controls.
Outcome | Effect (95% CI) | Small/Large Effect Cut-off | Unadjusted P Value (Adjusted P Value a) |
---|---|---|---|
General Health Outcomes | |||
Daily Smoker (y/n) | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.24 (0.77) |
Physically Active in 2008 (y/n) | 0.8 (0.55, 1.16) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.24 (0.77) |
Diagnosis of following after age 18 | |||
High cholesterol or triglycerides (y/n) | 1.20 (0.77, 1.89) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.42 (0.81) |
High Blood Pressure or Hypertension (y/n) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.27) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.42 (0.81) |
High blood sugar or diabetes (y/n) | 0.46 (0.17, 1.28) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.14 (0.77) |
Heart disease (y/n) | 0.52 (0.06, 4.74) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.56 (0.90) |
Migraine Headaches (y/n) | 0.94 (0.45, 1.97) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.87 (0.90) |
Depression (y/n) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.34) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.34 (0.77) |
PTSD (y/n) | 1.17 (0.46, 2.97) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.74 (0.90) |
Anxiety or Panic Disorder (y/n) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.62) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.80 (0.90) |
Seriously contemplated suicide in past year (y/n) | 0.78 (0.40, 1.52) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.47 (0.83) |
Substance Dependence/Abuse Outcomes | |||
Nicotine (y/n) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.13) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.17 (0.77) |
Alcohol (y/n) | 1.15 (0.89, 1.49) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.29 (0.77) |
Cannabis (y/n) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.17) | 1.50 / 5.00 | 0.28 (0.77) |
Personality Scale Scores | |||
Cohen Perceived Stress | 0.05 (-0.32, 0.4) | 0.89 / 3.54 | 0.90 (0.90) |
Anxiety Scale | -0.05 (-0.36, 0.3) | 0.73 / 2.93 | 0.86 (0.90) |
Anger/Hostility Scale | 0.06 (-0.26, 0.38) | 0.56 / 2.26 | 0.71 (0.90) |
Optimism Scale | 0.04 (-0.22, 0.32) | 0.64 / 1.61 | 0.75 (0.90) |
“Big 5” Personality Traits | |||
Agreeableness | -0.13 (-0.43, 0.14) | 0.65 / 2.62 | 0.33 (0.77) |
Conscientiousness | 0.19 (-0.12, 0.51) | 0.80 / 1.99 | 0.30 (0.77) |
Extraversion | 0.04 (-0.32, 0.38) | 0.76 / 3.02 | 0.84 (0.90) |
Neuroticism | -0.04 (-0.37, 0.22) | 0.68 / 2.73 | 0.77 (0.90) |
Openness | -0.5 (-0.9, -0.16) | 1.44 / 5.78 | 0.00 (0.02) |
a P values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure