Table 1.
Baseline Sample Characteristics
| MB (n = 20) Mean (SD) |
CS (n = 20) Mean (SD) |
NT (n = 20) Mean (SD) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 39.55 (12.78) | 40.65 (13.58) | 40.95 (12.61) |
| Sex (% female) | 50% | 50% | 50% |
| Race (% Black/African American) | 80% | 85% | 85% |
| Years of Education | 12.00 (2.20) | 13.45 (2.52) | 12.65 (2.60) |
| Income (% < $10,000) | 60% | 40% | 35% |
| Cigarettes per day | 12.25 (8.44) | 12.70 (7.29) | 11.83 (5.07) |
| Years of smoking | 18.58 (10.21) | 20.05 (13.84) | 19.90 (12.25) |
| FTND | 4.25 (2.00) | 5.10 (2.20) | 4.55 (1.70) |
| Prior serious quit attempts | 5.30 (6.78) | 2.82 (2.58) | 3.41 (2.65) |
| Trait Mindfulness (FFMQ) | 3.56 (.51) | 3.33 (.34) | 3.60 (.46) |
| State Mindfulness Total (SMS) | 3.73 (.92) | 3.83 (.60) | 3.88 (.70) |
| Contemplation Ladder | 6.40 (2.39) | 5.70 (3.39) | 6.15 (2.84) |
| Craving (URS) | 6.73 (2.04) | 7.01 (2.19) | 6.06 (2.02) |
| Withdrawal (single-item) | 5.50 (3.07) | 5.55 (2.65) | 4.10 (2.45) |
| Withdrawal (MTWQ) | 1.34 (.84) | 1.30 (1.02) | 1.30 (.94) |
| Negative Affect (PANAS) | 1.64 (.57) | 1.60 (.56) | 1.52 (.68) |
| Positive Affect (PANAS) | 3.03 (.96) | 2.57 (.80) | 2.53 (1.08) |
Note. There were no baseline differences among the groups on any of the variables. MB = Mindful Breathing, CS = Cognitive Strategy, NT = No Treatment, FTND = Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FFMQ = Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, SMS = State Mindfulness Questionnaire, URS = Urge Rating Scale, MTWQ = Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Questionnaire, PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedule