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. 2020 Mar 10;6:10. doi: 10.1038/s41522-020-0120-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Oral swab samples were collected from the teeth, oral mucosa, and gingiva of mice with micro cotton tip swabs to evaluate microbial status of the polymicrobial infection model. DNA was isolated and purified from the swab samples, which were collected at different time points (baseline 1; before infection and before an antibiotic wash out; baseline 2; before infection and after an antibiotic washout, and 1, 4, and 8 weeks after infection) and then the four periodontal pathogens (P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum) and total bacteria were quantified by standard real-time PCR using primers corresponding to 16S ribosomal RNA. a–d The data are shown as a percentage of each pathogen among total bacteria; mean ± s.d.