Table 4.

Regulation of IL-12 family members on cardiovascular diseases.

Diseases	IL-12	IL-23	IL-27	IL-35	References
Atherosclerosis	Aggravate	Contro	Aggravate	Alleviate	Lee et al., 1999; Davenport and Tipping, 2003; Hauer et al., 2005; Koltsova et al., 2012; Hirase et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2014; Subramanian et al., 2015; Tao et al., 2016; Gorzelak-Pabiś et al., 2017; Engelbertsen et al., 2018; Fatkhullina et al., 2018; Li et al., 2018; Ryu et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019
Cardiac ischemia reperfusion	Aggravate	Aggravate	–	–	Zhu et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2014b; Zhu et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2016; Liao et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017
CAD	Aggravate	–	–	Alleviate	Kan et al., 2016; Jia et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019
Hypertension	Alleviate	–	–	No effect	Li et al., 2012; Krebs et al., 2014; Ye et al., 2019
Aortic dissection	–	–	Aggravate	–	Peshkova et al., 2019
Viral myocarditis	Contro	Aggravate	Alleviate	Alleviate	Shioi et al., 1997; Nishio et al., 2003; Fairweather et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2011; Jiang et al., 2014; Kong et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2015; Sesti-Costa et al., 2017; Ouyang et al., 2017; Xu et al., 2018
Cardiomyopathy	Aggravate	Aggravate	–	–	Afanasyeva et al., 2001; Fairweather et al., 2004; Sonderegger et al., 2006; Zafra et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2009; Noutsias et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017b
Cardiac fibrosis	Aggravate	Aggravate	–	–	Li et al., 2012; Yan et al., 2012; Savvatis et al., 2014; Ye et al., 2020
Cardiac injury	Alleviate	–	–	Alleviate	Jia, 2018; Ye et al., 2018b; Ye et al., 2018c
Heart transplantation	Aggravate	–	–	–	Wang et al., 2012

Contro, controversial.