Table 2. Multivariate model of the incidence of persistent proteinuria according to baseline serum GGT and alcohol consumption (n = 9,341).

	Incidence rates,a (cases/person-years)	Multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
		Model 1b	Model 2c	Model 3d
Serum GGT, IU/L
Quartile 1, 5–25	0.82 (19/23,249)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Quartile 2, 26–39	1.65 (33/19,990)	1.73 (0.98–3.06)	1.88 (1.06–3.34)	1.89 (1.07–3.35)
Quartile 3, 40–70	1.65 (34/20,638)	1.58 (0.89–2.79)	1.85 (1.03–3.31)	1.85 (1.03–3.33)
Quartile 4, 71–1,530	3.14 (65/20,710)	2.74 (1.62–4.63)	3.44 (1.95–6.05)	3.39 (1.92–5.97)
P for trend		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Daily alcohol consumption
Non-drinkers	1.92 (24/12,470)		1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
0.1–16.4 g ethanol/day	1.75 (47/26,849)		0.80 (0.49–1.32)	0.80 (0.49–1.32)
16.5–42.7 g ethanol/day	1.49 (35/23,528)		0.52 (0.30–0.89)	0.50 (0.29–0.87)
≥42.8 g ethanol/day	2.07 (45/21,740)		0.59 (0.34–1.02)	0.58 (0.34–1.01)

CI, confidence interval; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase.

^aIncidence rates are expressed as the incidence per 1,000 person-years.

^bModel 1 was adjusted for age, body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, ≥30.0), fasting plasma glucose, smoking habits (nonsmokers, past smokers and current smokers), regular leisure-time physical activity (yes/no), and hypertension (yes/no).

^cModel 2 was adjusted for all variables in model 1 of Table 2 plus daily alcohol consumption (nondrinkers, 0.1–16.4, 16.5–42.7, ≥42.8 g ethanol/day).

^dModel 3 was adjusted for all variables in model 2 of Table 2 plus estimated glomerular filtration rate.