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. 2020 Mar 10;10:4462. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60563-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Boxplots displaying global signal distribution of 1,129 protein measurements generated using (a) the standard SomaLogic protocol and (b) mitigation protocol from serum samples collected from 143 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 50 healthy donors (HD). The minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum relative fluorescence units (RFU) per sample are indicated on each boxplot. Samples are arranged in ascending order based on anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) RFU. Anti-dsDNA IgG prevalence for each sample is plotted in blue. (c,d) Sample-specific median scaling factors were used for plate median normalisation in SLE and HD samples. 38 samples from patients with SLE displayed 2.5-fold increased signal relative to their intra-assay control medians, resulting in failure of SOMAscan quality control (QC) standards using the standard SOMAscan protocol. After the samples were processed with the mitigation protocol, all samples passed quality control standards with median signal intensities ranging from a 0.8- to 1.7-fold difference relative to the median assay signal intensity.