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. 2020 Mar 10;10:4462. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60563-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Venn diagram displaying selection of protein measurements used for feature selection in LASSO regression. 34 SomaLogic protein measurements displayed a Pearson correlation >0.3 versus the interferon gene signature (IFNGS) and were known to have gene expression inducible by type I interferon (IFN) in human cells. Based on the NIH training set (b) average Pearson correlation of IFN protein scores predicted through 10 iterations of 5-fold cross-validation with the IFNGS varying the number of features input into the LASSO regression model. Optimal value of λ was also chosen through 10 iterations of 5-fold cross-validation. Feature selection was restricted to proteins with positive independent associations to the IFNGS. Proteins were scaled to the HD mean and standard deviation prior to fitting the LASSO regression model. (c) Regression coefficients from IFN four-protein signature (IFNPS) refit to IFNGS with ordinary least squares regression. (d) Scatterplot displaying concordance between IFNPS and the IFNGS. r value calculated using Pearson correlation. SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, HD = healthy donors.