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. 2020 Mar 10;10:4397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61022-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TNF and IL-1β production induced by TLR agonists in monocyte subpopulations isolated from 3 donors. Subpopulations of monocytes from donors 10, 9, and 7 (upper to lower row, respectively) were sorted and incubated overnight with increasing concentrations of LPS and Pam3CSK4, as indicated. TNF and IL-1β were assayed in supernatants by ELISA and concentrations were normalized to 1 × 10⁵ monocytes. For each condition, monocyte subpopulations with related phenotypes were grouped in a same graph: sm14⁺16^neg (light blue) and la14⁺16^neg (orange); sm14⁺16⁺ (dark blue) and la14⁺16⁺ (red). sm14^dim16^neg monocytes were inconsistently detected in donors and were not included in the study; therefore, their CD16⁺ counterpart, sm14^dim16⁺ monocytes, were not shown. Results are presented as mean and standard deviation of duplicate determinations. When error bars are not seen, they fall within the symbol. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Student’s unpaired t test.