Table 1.
Morphometry, exercise tolerance and cardiac function in ZSF1‐lean and ZSF1‐obese animals (between 18 and 25 weeks). ZSF1‐obese animals displayed typical characteristics for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), namely obesity, hypertension, exercise intolerance and diastolic dysfunction
| ZSF1‐lean (n = 11) | ZSF1‐obese (n = 11) | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure measurements | |||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 328 ± 8 | 353 ± 11 | NS |
| Systolic (mm Hg) | 147 ± 2 | 170 ± 6 | 0.005 |
| Diastolic (mm Hg) | 108 ± 2 | 130 ± 7 | 0.009 |
| Mean (mm Hg) | 120 ± 2 | 143 ± 7 | 0.007 |
| Oxygen consumption under maximum effort | |||
| VO2max (ml/min/kg0.75) | 28.1 ± 1.5 | 17.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| VCO2 (ml/min/kg0.75) | 25.7 ± 1.3 | 17.8 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Peak work rate (m/min/kg) | 19.8 ± 0.9 | 12.9 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Total work load (m/Kg) | 150.3 ± 14.9 | 58.5 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| BW (g) | 492 ± 11 | 644 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| LVmassInd (g/cm2) | 1.32 ± 0.14 | 2.02 ± 0.15 | 0.006 |
| IVRT (ms) | 23.8 ± 1.1 | 29.4 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| E/A | 1.54 ± 0.06 | 1.27 ± 0.10 | 0.02 |
| E/E′ | 13.29 ± 0.92 | 16.96 ± 0.99 | 0.01 |
| LAAind | 0.287 ± 0.013 | 0.396 ± 0.011 | <0.001 |
| S′ (m/s) | 0.058 ± 0.001 | 0.048 ± 0.002 | 0.002 |
| EF (%) | 71 ± 4 | 69 ± 3 | 0.29 |
| Pulmonary oedema (g) | 0.384 ± 0.009 | 0.461 ± 0.013 | 0.008 |
| BNP (mRNA levels, A.U) | 100.0 ± 0.1 | 190.3 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: VO2max and VCO2max, maximal O2 consumption and CO2 production respectively
BW, body weight; LVmassInd, left ventricle mass indexed to body surface area (BSA); EDVI, end‐diastolic volume indexed to BSA; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; E/A, ratio between the peak of pulse Doppler wave of early mitral flow velocity (E) to peak of pulse Doppler wave of late mitral flow velocity (A); E/E′, ratio between E wave and the peak of tissue Doppler velocity at the lateral mitral annulus (E′); LAAind, left atrium area indexed to BSA; S′, peak systolic velocity; EF, ejection fraction; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide. Values are mean ± SEM or threshold cycles for BNP.