Table 1.
A thematic analysis of definitions of spaced learning and its related terms
| First level theme (core theme) | Second level theme | Third level theme | Fourth level theme |
|---|---|---|---|
| Educational activity | Number | Singular | |
| Plural | |||
| Type | Reviewing | ||
| Reading | |||
| Test | Short | ||
| Multiple choice question | |||
| Mastery | |||
| Physical | |||
| Not achievement | |||
| Distractor | |||
| Listening | |||
| Relearning | |||
| Case‐based | |||
| Receiving feedback | |||
| Practicing | |||
| Studying | |||
| Learning | |||
| Recalling | |||
| Not rereading | |||
| Not relistening | |||
| Not highlighting | |||
| Not summarising | |||
| Not cramming | |||
| Size | Curricula | ||
| Smaller | |||
| Division of labour | Providing | ||
| Strategy for learning (student‐directed) | |||
| Structure | Dispersion | ||
| Alternation | Irregular | ||
| Large | |||
| Interruption of activity | Rest | ||
| Not packed together | 10‐20 minutes | ||
| Not a single time | |||
| No dispersion | |||
| Adaptive | |||
| Content | Information and Content | Multiple sets | |
| Small | |||
| Identical | |||
| New | |||
| Stimuli | |||
| Repetition | Rehearsal | Three times periodically | |
| Timing | Comparative | Longer | |
| Later | |||
| Adjective | Long | ||
| Short | |||
| Fast | |||
| Fixed | |||
| Specific duration | Days | ||
| Weeks | |||
| Months | |||
| Less than 5 minutes | |||
| Other | Increasing | ||
| Previous | |||
| Immediately prior | |||
| Concurrently with an activity | |||
| Educational tool | Multi‐source | ||
| Owned by student | |||
| Electronic | |||
| Online | |||
| Gamifications | |||
| Learning outcomes | Knowledge | ||
| Skill | |||
| Impact on behaviour | |||
| Forgetting | Natural | ||
| Recall and remember | Retention | ||
| Silent | |||
| Effect | More effective | Deliberate | |
| Adaptive | |||
| Reducing |