Figure 3.

(a) Lossy‐context surprisal differences for simulated English (f = 0.2) and German (f = 1), with deletion probability d = 0.2 and all other parameters set to $\frac{1}{2}$, for final verbs in structural forgetting sentences. The value shown is the surprisal of the ungrammatical continuation minus the surprisal of the grammatical continuation. A positive difference indicates that the grammatical continuation is less costly; a negative difference indicates a structural forgetting effect. (b) Reading time differences in the immediate postverbal region for grammatical and ungrammatical continuations; data from Vasishth et al. (2010).