Table 1.
Characteristics of women delivering singleton non‐anomalous infants ≥36 wk of gestation in Canadian hospitals (excluding Quebec) between 2004 and 2014
| Characteristic |
Women without diabetes n = 2 553 243 |
Women with type 1 diabetes n = 5889 |
Women with type 2 diabetes n = 9422 |
Women with gestational diabetes n = 138 917 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (y), mean (SD) | 29.3 (5.6) |
29.8 (5.3) P < 0.001 |
32.6 (5.5) P < 0.001 |
32.1 (5.3) P < 0.001 |
| Gestational age at delivery (wk), mean (SD) | 39.2 (1.2) |
37.6 (1.0) P < 0.001 |
37.9 (1.1) P < 0.001 |
38.6 (1.2) P < 0.001 |
| Iatrogenic delivery*, % (95% CI) | 32.1 (32.1‐32.2) |
68.7 (67.5‐69.9) P < 0.001 |
67.9 (66.9‐68.8) P < 0.001 |
52.2 (51.9‐52.5) P < 0.001 |
| Mode of delivery, % (95% CI) | ||||
| Spontaneous vaginal | 63.7 (63.7‐63.8) | 30.7 (29.5‐31.9) | 42.3 (41.3‐43.3) | 53.0 (52.7‐53.2) |
| Operative vaginal | 10.6 (10.6‐10.7) | 9.9 (9.2‐10.7) | 7.3 (6.8‐7.9) | 10.0 (9.8‐10.1) |
| Cesarean section | 25.6 (25.6‐25.7) |
59.4 (58.1‐60.6) P < 0.001 |
50.4 (49.4‐51.4) P < 0.001 |
37.0 (36.8‐37.3) P < 0.001 |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, % (95% CI) | 4.8 (4.8‐4.8) |
17.7 (16.7‐18.8) P < 0.001 |
15.3 (14.6‐16.1) P < 0.001 |
9.3 (9.1‐9.4) P < 0.001 |
| Parity, % (95% CI) | ||||
| Nulliparous | 42.0 (41.9‐42.1) | 44.5 (43.0‐45.9) | 28.8 (27.8‐29.8) | 35.2 (34.9‐35.5) |
| Multiparous, no history of prior cesarean section | 45.4 (26.3‐28.9) | 27.6 (26.3‐28.9) | 45.4 (44.3‐46.5) | 43.9 (43.6‐44.3) |
| Multiparous, prior cesarean section | 12.6 (12.6‐12.6) |
28.0 (26.7‐29.3) P < 0.001 |
25.8 (24.8‐26.8) P < 0.001 |
20.9 (20.6‐21.1) P < 0.001 |
| Diabetes complications severity index score, mean (SD) | — | 3.5 (.2) | 1.4 (.2) | — |
| Male infant sex, % (95% CI) | 50.6 (50.6‐50.7) |
49.9 (48.6‐51.2) P < 0.25 |
50.2 (49.2‐51.3) P < 0.33 |
51.5 (51.2‐51.7) P < 0.001 |
| Infant birthweight (g), mean (SD) | 3450.3 (481.1) |
3710 (615.8) P < 0.001 |
3562.7 (623.4) P < 0.001 |
3446.4 (526.6) P < 0.04 |
| Large for gestational age infant >97th percentile, %, 95% CI | 9.2 (9.2‐9.3) |
44.6 (43.3‐48.9) P < 0.001 |
31.3 (30.3‐32.2) P < 0.001 |
15.5 (15.3‐15.7) P < 0.001 |
| Severe maternal morbidity/mortality, % (95% CI) | 0.4 (0.4‐0.4) |
0.6 (0.4‐0.8) P < 0.02 |
0.8 (0.6‐1.0) P < 0.001 |
0.5 (0.5‐0.6) P < 0.001 |
| Severe neonatal morbidity/mortality, % (95% CI) | 7.7 (7.7‐7.8) |
20.8 (19.7‐21.8) P < 0.001 |
15.6 (14.9‐16.4) P < 0.001 |
9.8 (9.7‐10.0) P < 0.001 |
Chi‐square tests were used to assess differences between groups for categorical variables, and ANOVA and t tests were used to assess differences between groups for continuous variables. P values compare women with diabetes with the general population.
Defined as a delivery following induction of labor or pre‐labor cesarean delivery.