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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2014 Oct 13;385(9967):517–528. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61403-3

Figure 2: Circulating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell numbers are biomarkers of response and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) severity.

Figure 2:

Responding patients had significantly higher peak circulating CAR T cells measured by (A) flow cytometry or (B) qPCR than non-responders. (C) Peak circulating CART cells correlated with CRS severity. Triangles show non-responding patients. (D) Higher absolute numbers of circulating CD8+ CAR+ T cells (p=0·0087), CD8+ effector memory CAR+ T cells (p=0·0087), and CD4+ effector memory CAR+ T cells (p=0·026) were seen in patients with grade 3 or 4 CRS than those without CRS or grade 1 or 2 CRS. Assessable circulating CAR T cells were not seen in non-responding patients except for one as shown by the triangle. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the lower limit of detection. (E) Responding patients with ALL with higher disease burden were significantly more likely to have grade 3 or 4 CRS than patients with lower disease burdens (p=0·039).