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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 11.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2014 Oct 13;385(9967):517–528. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61403-3

Figure 3: Interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon γ (IFNγ), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are biomarkers of cytokine release syndrome severity.

Figure 3:

(A) Timecourse of rises in circulating inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein in one representative patient with grade 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) who did not receive tocilizumab (left) and another patient with grade 4 CRS who was treated with tocilizumab plus hydrocortisone (right). Normal C-reactive protein is <3 mg/L. (B) Maximum fold change in circulating interleukin 6 and interferon γ concentrations correlated with severe CRS (data available only for patients 1–19). (C) Temporal correlation between interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein increase in two representative patients. (D) Paired measurements of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein shows a strong correlation (Spearman r=0·81, 95% CI 0·54–0·92; p<0·0001). Data are available only for patients 1–19. (E) Higher peak C-reactive protein concentrations are associated with increased CRS severity. CAR=chimeric antigen receptor. TNF=tumour necrosis factor. GM-CSF=granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.