Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | Met/Cys-low | Met/Cys-medium | Met/Cys-high |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 7) | (n = 7) | (n = 6) | |
| Age, y | 29.5 (24.9, 40.9) | 30.9 (23, 39) | 34.5 (23.7, 39.7) |
| Body weight (kg) | 83.2 (76, 108) | 81.8 (73, 97) | 78.3 (68.4, 83.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 (25.5, 34.7) | 29.4 (24.7, 32.9) | 27.3 (24.4, 33.8) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.5, 2) | 1.45 (0.7, 2.1) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.7, 4.6) | 4.4 (4, 6) | 4.55 (3.6, 6.3) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.2) | 2.8 (2.6, 4.5) | 2.65 (2, 4.9) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 1.4 (0.8, 1.9) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 0.8 (0.6, 1) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.4) |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (g/L) | 1.4 (1, 2.1) | 1.4 (1, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5 (4.6, 5.8) | 5 (4.5, 5.3) | 5.15 (4.1, 5.6) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 54 (30, 162) | 44 (32, 62) | 54.5 (21, 60) |
| Fasting C-peptide (pmol/L) | 563 (385, 1220) | 614 (481, 740) | 614 (458, 832) |
| HOMA-IRa | 2.08 (1.2, 6) | 1.63 (1.07, 2.25) | 1.94 (0.78, 2.31) |
| FGF21 (pg/mL) | 95.9 (37.8, 312) | 98.0 (67.3, 232) | 75.0 (5.0, 291) |
| Amino acids (μmol/L) | |||
| Methionine | 19.9 (18.2, 25.5) | 21.4 (19.5, 24.4) | 22.3 (19.2, 26.4) |
| SAM | 101 (69.9, 114) | 94.9 (84.5, 109) | 103 (89, 129) |
| SAH | 24.7 (17.3, 29.7) | 24.7 (20.4, 28.1) | 25.8 (22.8, 35.3) |
| Total homocysteine | 8.86 (6.56, 9.68) | 9.99 (5.03, 14.8) | 7.04 (4.66, 11.2) |
| Free homocysteine | 1.23 (0.814, 2.09) | 1.84 (0.942, 2.9) | 1.26 (0.79, 2.32) |
| Free reduced homocysteine | 0.17 (0.14, 0.48) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.42) | 0.18 (0.17, 0.26) |
| Homocystine | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) |
| Protein-bound homocysteine | 7.47 (5.58, 8.22) | 8.17 (4.08, 11.9) | 5.85 (3.87, 8.87) |
| Cystathionine | 1.6 (0.80, 2.91) | 1.32 (0.69, 2.32) | 1 (0.65, 3.48) |
| Total cysteine | 310 (288, 322) | 286 (248, 331) | 291 (261, 324) |
| Free cysteine | 152 (119, 178) | 161 (146, 176) | 169 (140, 179) |
| Free reduced cysteine | 18 (11.4, 26.8) | 20.2 (14.4, 26.9) | 19.2 (11.9, 24.5) |
| Cystine | 44.8 (41, 49.6) | 41.9 (41.3, 47.8) | 44.5 (42.5, 47.2) |
| Protein-bound cysteine | 149 (134, 189) | 123 (99.5, 170) | 139 (82, 150) |
| Total GSH | 7.69 (5.66, 7.99) | 7.97 (4.46, 10.9) | 8.25 (5.43, 13.5) |
| Free GSH | 3.59 (2.39, 6.13) | 4.29 (2.49, 6.89) | 6.66 (4.1, 10.6) |
| GSH | 4.88 (3.37, 5.85) | 5.26 (5.05, 6.21) | 6.5 (4.66, 6.91) |
| GSSG | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.10) | 0.09 (0.05, 0.15) |
| Protein-bound GSH | 3.14 (1.16, 4.58) | 2.89 (1.98, 4.69) | 2.1 (0.27, 6.01) |
| Taurine | 95.4 (55.3, 126) | 98.7 (66.1, 112) | 101 (51.1, 136) |
Values are given as median (range)
FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; Met/Cys, methionine and cysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; GSH, glutathione
aHOMA-IR was calculated by (insulin/6) × (glucose × 18)/405