TABLE 4.

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on pairwise differences for Opisthopappus.

	Source	df	SS	MS	Estimated variance	Variance percentage (%)
O. longilobus	Among Pops	6	1642.795	273.799	20.035	38	FST = 0.380
	Within Pops	78	2548.381	32.672	32.672	62	P = 0.001
	Total	84	4191.176		52.707	100
O. taihangensis	Among Pops	11	2614.417	237.674	17.589	26	FST = 0.261
	Within Pops	117	5821.738	49.758	49.758	74	P = 0.001
	Total	128	8436.155		67.348	100
Opisthopappus	Among Pops	18	5023.073	279.06	21.042	33	FST = 0.329
	Within Pops	195	8370.119	42.924	42.924	67	P = 0.001
	Total	213	13,393.192		63.966	100
Hierarchical AMOVA	Among Groups	1	765.86	765.86	4.829	7	FCT = 0.073
based on two groups	Among Pops	17	4257.213	250.424	18.592	28	FSC = 0.302
	Within Pops	195	8370.119	42.924	42.924	65	FST = 0.353
(O. longilobus and O. taihangensis)	Total	213	13,393.192		66.345	100	P = 0.001

F_CT, genetic differentiation among groups; F_SC, genetic differentiation among populations within groups; F_ST, genetic differentiation among populations.