Table 1.

Lexical skills of CWS: Standardized vocabulary tests

Authors	Participants	Methods	Results
Westby (1979)	10 CWS 10 disfluent CWNS 10 CWNS	PPVT	CWS had lower scores
Williams et al. (1969)	100 CWS 300 CWNS	Iowa Tests of Basic Skills	CWS had lower scores, but wide variability
Ryan (1992)	20 CWS 20 CWNS	PPVT	No difference
Anderson and Conture (2000)	20 CWS 20 CWNS	PPVT	CWS had lower scores
Silverman and Bernstein Ratner (2002)	15 CWS 15 CWNS	PPVT, EVT	No difference on PPVT CWS had lower scores on EVT
Anderson et al. (2005)	45 CWS 45 CWNS	PPVT	No difference
Coulter et al. (2009)	85 CWS 85 CWNS	PPVT, EVT	CWS had lower scores
Ntourou et al. (2011)	22 studies Ages 2-8	PPVT, EVT	CWS had lower scores
Richels et al. (2013)	159 CWS 138 CWNS	PPVT, EVT, TELD	No difference
Millager (2014)	40 CWS 46 CWNS	PPVT, EVT	No difference
Choo et al. (2016)	66 CWS 53 CWNS	PPVT, EVT	CWS had lower scores