Table 1.
High frequency clinical metabolic biomarkers related to BC diagnosis
| No. | Metabolites | Hits | Changing Direction in BC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| up | down | |||
| 1 | Tyrosine | 12 | 6 serum15, 27, plasma17, tissue18, saliva42, urine46 | 6 plasma9, 34, 41, serum14, 18, 23 |
| 2 | Alanine | 11 | 6 saliva11, 42, serum15, plasma21, 41, urine43 | 5 plasma9, 34, serum14, urine22, serum&plasma30 |
| 3 | Glutamic acid | 10 | 6 serum15, tissue16,18, plasma21, saliva17,42 | 4 plasma9, serum14, urine22, serum&plasma32 |
| 4 | Valine | 10 | 4 saliva11, 42, serum15, plasma21 | 6 plasma9, 17, 24, 34, serum14, urine22 |
| 5 | Phenylalanine | 9 | 5 serum15, tissue18, saliva26, 42, urine46 | 4 plasma9, 34, 41, serum18 |
| 6 | Glutamine | 9 | 4 saliva11, serum15,tissue18, serum&plasma32 | 5 plasma12, 17, 24, 41 serum14 |
| 7 | Lysine | 9 | 3 plasma17, 41, saliva42 | 6 plasma9, 12, 24, serum14, 23, 27 |
| 8 | Isoleucine | 8 | 4 saliva11, serum15, plasma21, urine43 | 4 serum14, plasma17, 34, serum&plasma32 |
| 9 | Histidine | 7 | 3 serum15, tissue18, saliva26 | 4 serum14, 23, 27, plasma41 |
| 10 | Choline | 7 | 3 saliva11, plasma12, tissue36 | 4 serum23, serum&plasma30, 32, plasma34 |
| 11 | Glycine | 6 | 4 serum15, tissue37, plasma41 , saliva42 | 2 urine22, serum&plasma30 |
| 12 | Arginine | 6 | 3 serum10, saliva11, plasma17 | 3 serum14, 15, plasma24 |
| 13 | Asparagine | 6 | 4 plasma13, serum15, serum&plasma32, urine43 | 2 plasma9, serum27 |
| 14 | Proline | 6 | 3 serum15, plasma41, saliva42 | 3 plasma13, serum14, 27 |
| 15 | Serine | 6 | 5 saliva11, 42, serum15, plasma21, 41 | 1 serum&plasma30 |
| 16 | Creatine | 6 | 3 tissue18, 37, urine43 | 3 serum18, plasma24, 34 |
| 17 | Leucine | 6 | 2 saliva11, urine43 | 4 plasma9, 34, serum14, urine22 |
| 18 | Tryptophan | 6 | 1 serum33 | 5 serum14, 18, 27, urine22, plasma41 |
| 19 | Lactate | 6 | 4 saliva11, plasma17, 21, tissue37 | 2 serum&plasma32, plasma34 |
| 20 | Threonine | 5 | 2 plasma41, saliva42 | 3 plasma9, serum14, urine22 |
| 21 | Taurine | 5 | 4 plasma13, 24, serum15, tissue37 | 1 saliva42 |
| 22 | Glucose | 5 | 2 plasma17, urine43 | 3 serum23, plasma34, tissue37 |
| 23 | Aspartic acid | 4 | 3 serum10, tissue16, saliva42 | 1 serum&plasma32 |
| 24 | Stearic acid | 4 | 4 plasma13, 21, 24, serum38 | |
| 25 | Ornithine | 4 | 2 plasma41, saliva42 | 2 plasma9, serum14 |
| 26 | Cysteine | 4 | 2 serum15, serum&plasma32 | 2 urine22, serum27 |
| 27 | Glycerophosphocholine | 4 | 2 plasma12, tissue36 | 2 serum&plasma32, saliva42 |
| 28 | Pyruvate | 3 | 2 serum&plasma30, plasma34 | 1 serum18 |
| 29 | Linoleic acid | 3 | 3 plasma21, 24, serum38 | |
| 30 | Palmitic acid | 3 | 3 plasma13, 21, serum38 | |
| 31 | Uracil | 3 | 2 serum&plamsa32, urine43 | 1 urine22 |
| 32 | Urea | 3 | 2 urine43, 45 | 1 plasma8 |
| 33 | Formate | 3 | 1 urine43 | 2 serum10, plasma17 |