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. 2020 Mar 11;10:4529. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61435-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Description of the task. (A) Overview of the task: MRI session composed of 4 functional runs divided in trials separated by an inter-trial-interval of 16 s. In each trial, participants produced a given item 3 times. Items are disyllabic non-words (e.g.., bәbә). (B) Stimuli and laryngeal control: stimuli was balanced for place of articulation (bilabial and alveolar) and manner of articulation (orals and nasals), and the controlled vowel schwa (ә); for the voiced condition, the IA (interarytenoid) and LCA (lateral cricoarytenoid) laryngeal muscles are recruited, whereas the PCA (posterior cricoarytenoid) is not, and the reversed for the whispered condition. (C) Detail of task for a given trial: 0.9 s of silent gap were introduced between consecutive TRs for speech production without MRI noise; top: sound recording in black and low-pass-filtered signal envelope in red; below-left: spectrogram image of an utterance example; below-right: scatter plot of F1 and F2 formants in a given participant (each dot represents an utterance), red for voiced and blue for whispered speech.