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. 2020 Mar 11;10:4529. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61435-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Behavioral results. (A) Upper: Loudness per task across all participants. Red is voiced and blue is whispered speech. Bottom: Loudness per item repetition (3 items are produced per trial) across all participants for the voiced speech task. (B) Respiratory impulse response function (resp-IRF) using the average BOLD fluctuation within all cortical voxels. (C) Group results of the respiratory and articulatory recordings, red is voiced and blue is whispered speech: upper: voiced and whispered respiratory fluctuations (standard errors from the mean is shaded); gray horizontal bars refer to t-test differences (p < 0.05); ‘in’ and ‘ex’ depict inhale and exhale periods, respectively; middle: voiced and whispered articulatory fluctuations; bottom: combined respiratory and articulatory fluctuations.