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. 2020 Mar 5;11:366. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00366

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Copyright © 2020 Gao, Wang, Ji, Bai, Tian and Song.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposed mechanisms of anti-cancer effects induced by the combination of CBDCA and anti-PD-1 antibodies. In primary tumors, CBDCA causes tumor cell death, which releases tumor antigens. CD103⁺ DC uptake tumor antigens and present them to naive T cells to produce memory T cells, which have enhanced function as a result of PD-1 blockade. In secondary tumors, CCL4 secreted by TNBC cells recruits CD103⁺ DC, which subsequently involve tumor-specific CD8⁺ T cells to the tumor microenvironment to kill cancer cells.