Table 2.
Nanostructured materials-based for cancer screening.
| Materials | Target | detection limit | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| AuNPs/SsDNA/HRP | Optical immunoassay of CEA | 12 ng/L | [237] |
| QDs | 20 ng/L | [238] | |
| CdTe/CdS QDs/antibodies (goat antimouse IgG) | 250 fM | [239] | |
| 3D microfluidic paper-based immunodevice | 0.02 ng/mL | [240] | |
| PdNPs/Fe3O4@C | 1.7 pg/mL | [241] | |
| High luminescent streptavidin modified QDs (SA-QDs) | Optical immunoassay of AFP | 3.9 ng/mL | [242] |
| HRP-Ab2-AuNPs | 0.2 fg/chip | [243] | |
| integrated microfluidic bead-based ELISA | APOA1 | 9.16 ng/mL | [244] |
| PDMS microfluidic device | Bladder cancer TNF | 3.1 pg/mL | [245] |
| o-aminophenol (OAP)/CEA antibody (CEAAb) -GSH monolayer-AuNP (CEAAb–AuNP) | Eelectrochemical immunoassay of CEA | 100 ng/L | [246] |
| HRP-conjugated anti-CEA -NGGNs/PB | 10 ng/L | [247] | |
| AuNPs/nickel hexacyanoferrates nanoparticles (NiHCFNPs) | 100 ng/L | [248] | |
| flower-like AuNPs sensor & Au–Ag BMNPs | 0.3 pg/mL | [249] | |
| μPADs | 0.5 ng/mL | [250] | |
| Au/CS-MWCNT-Thi/anti-CEA | 0.5 pg/mL | [251] | |
| Au/l-Cys/anti-CEA//MWCNT/PDDA/HRP/ConA/HRP-anti-CEA | 18 pg/mL | [252] | |
| HRP/Nano-Au hollow microsphere | 1.5 ng/L | [254] | |
| HRP-O-phenylenediamine-H2O2 | Eelectrochemical immunoassay of AFP | 0.01 ng/mL | [253] |
| A chitosan–AuNP | 0.01 ng/mL | [235] | |
| interdigitated electrode (IDE)/PDMS | 0.01 ng/L | [236] | |
| graphene sheets (GS)/chitosan (CS)/PANI layer/(AuNPs) | BCR/ABL in CML | 2.11 pM | [255] |
| AuNPs/5′-[γ-thio] triphosphate (ATP-S) | CML | 10 ng/L | [256] |
| SWNT/5 nm GSH-AuNP | Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum | 10 ng/L | [257] |
| Au NPs | Human acute leukemia CCL-119 |
30 cells per 3 μL | [60] |
| Double-strand DNA (dsDNA)/AuNPs/PB | CA15-3 (human serum) | 600 ng/L | [259] |
| Nano-Au hollow sphere | Lung Cancer | 1–10 ng/L | [260] |
| perylene bisimide (PBI)/cholesterol (Chol) | 15 ppb | [261] | |
| μPADs | Pancreatic cancer CA-199 |
0.17 U/mL | [250] |
| PoP-ECL device | 0.0055 U/mL | [262] | |
| 3D microfluidic paper-based immunodevice | 0.06 U/mL | [240] | |
| HRP-O-phenylenediamine-H2O2 | Breast cancer CA153 |
0.05 ng/mL | [253] |
| AuNR@CA15-3 antibody | 0.1 ng/L | [263] | |
| hydrazine –AuNP–aptamer bioconjugate/anti-HER2/DPB | 26 cells per milliliter | [264] | |
| ZnCQDs | [265] | ||
| N, B/N, and S-doped GQDs | HeLa and MCF-7 cell | [266] | |
| G/Fe3O4/AuNPs | HeLa cells | 8 cells per milliliter | [267] |
| G-C3N4 nanosheets & Ag-PAMAM-luminol NCs | HL-60 cancer cells | 150 cells | [268] |
| FA-GAM-OA | Cancer cell | 5 cells per milliliter | [269] |
| DNA nanotetrahedron (NTH)/carboxyfluorescein (FAM) -TLS11a aptamer –HRP/PtNPs | cytosensing of liver cancer cells | 3 cells per milliliter | [270] |
Abbreviations: Bladder cancer apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1);Cadmium telluride (CdTe); Cadmium sulfide (CdS); Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML); Microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADs); Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Glutathione (GSH) monolayer; The enwrapped graphene nanocomposites (NGGNs); Prussian Blue (PB); Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI); A pen-on-paper electrochemiluminescence (PoP-ECL); 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-(p-benzoic acid) (DPB); Zinc-co-adsorbed carbon quantum dots (ZnCQDs); Graphene quantum dots (GQDs); Ag-PAMAM-luminol nanocomposites (Ag-PAMAM-luminol NCs); Folic acid (FA); Octadecylamine (OA); Graphene aerogel microspheres (GAMs); Poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS); Carboxyfluorescein (FAM) functionalized TLS11a aptamer and horseradish peroxidase (HRP); Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS); Concanavalin A (conA); Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) protected Prussian blue NPs (PDDA-PB); ssDNA/Au/reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (RGONR); N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI); Polypyrrole (PPy); Graphene quantum dot (GQD); Reduced graphene oxide doped with metal-organic framework (MOF-rGO); Polyaniline PANI; Paper-based analytical devices (PAD); Oligo-methoxy-phenyl-acetonitrile” (Fc-ac-OMPA); Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).