1	Calyx without teeth or with 5 very short appendages delimiting a pentagonal outline	2
–	Calyx with 5 well-developed appendages, these being 0.4–5 mm long	6
2	Pedicels at anthesis non-geniculate, pendent	3
–	Pedicels at anthesis geniculate, erect	5
3	Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous; corolla mostly white with purple pigmentation within; fruits greenish-yellow at maturity	C. pereirae Barboza & Bianchetti
–	Leaves elliptic to ovate, membranaceous, glabrescent to moderately pubescent; corolla mostly white or purple with yellowish-green pigmentation within; fruits red at maturity	4
4	Inflorescence with (1–) 2–3 (–6) flowers; corolla white with 5 yellowish-green spots at the base of the lobes and throat within; seeds blackish-brown	C. flexuosum Sendtn.
–	Inflorescence with 5–13 (–20 or more) flowers; corolla mostly purple with yellowish-green centre and white margin within; seeds pale yellow	C. caatingae Barboza & Agra
5	Corolla 4.5–6.5 (–8) mm long, with golden spots in the base of the lobes and throat within, purple pigmentation absent; ovules 2 per locule; fruits globose-compressed	C. campylopodium Sendtn.
–	Corolla 7–8 (–10) mm long, with an obvious purple or brownish zone over the greenish-yellow spots within (occasionally purple pigmentation absent); ovules more than 2 per locule; fruits globose or globose-depressed	C. schottianum Sendtn.
6	Corolla rotate, rotate-pentagonal or stellate-rotate; fruiting pedicels always erect, red, usually globose or less frequently ellipsoid; seeds pale yellow	7
–	Corolla stellate; fruiting pedicels always pendent, greenish-yellow, globose; seeds brown to black	8
7	Corolla mostly white with greenish-yellow spots and white centre, lilac or purple pigmentation absent	C. baccatum L. var. baccatum
–	Corolla mostly lilac or purple with greenish-yellow spots and cream centre	C. praetermissum Heiser & P.G. Sm.
8	Pedicels non-geniculate, pendent; major leaves small to medium-sized 2.5–6.5 (–9) cm long	C. parvifolium Sendtn.
–	Pedicels geniculate, erect to oblique; major leaves medium- to large-sized (5–) 6–17 (–25.5) cm long	9
9	Plants densely pubescent on stems, petioles, pedicels and sometimes also on the leaf nerves beneath, the trichomes spreading; leaves ovate	C. villosum Sendtn.
–	Plants glabrate to densely pubescent on stems, leaves and pedicels, the trichomes antrorse; leaves elliptic to very narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, less commonly ovate	10
10	Plants glabrate to sparsely pubescent; major leaves elliptic to ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic (length/width ratio: (2–) 2.5–4 (–4.9), apex acuminate to long acuminate; calyx appendages (0.4–) 0.5–1.5 (–3) mm; corolla (6–) 7.5–12 mm long, (9–) 10–13 mm in diameter	C. mirabile Mart.
–	Plants moderately to densely pubescent; major leaves narrowly elliptic to lanceolate (length/width ratio: (4–) 5–10 (–16), apex acute to obtuse; calyx appendages (2.8–) 3–4 (–5) mm; corolla (8–) 10–12 mm long, 13–20 mm in diameter	C. carassense Barboza & Bianchetti