TABLE 2.
The association between dietary quality indexes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Multiethnic Cohort1
| Cases, n | Controls, n | OR2 (95% CI) | OR3 (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEI-2015 | ||||
| Q1 (17.9–58.0) | 664 | 5778 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (58.1–64.3) | 630 | 5812 | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) |
| Q3 (64.4–69.9) | 564 | 5884 | 0.82 (0.73, 0.92) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) |
| Q4 (70.0–76.4) | 577 | 5878 | 0.84 (0.74, 0.94) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) |
| Q5 (76.5–99.6) | 524 | 5940 | 0.75 (0.66, 0.85) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.94) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0022 | ||
| AHEI-2010 | ||||
| Q1 (25.1–57.1) | 623 | 5814 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (57.2–62.8) | 588 | 5857 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) |
| Q3 (62.9–67.6) | 601 | 5846 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) |
| Q4 (67.7–73.1) | 606 | 5856 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.14) |
| Q5 (73.2–104.5) | 541 | 5919 | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) |
| P for trend | 0.024 | 0.3366 | ||
| aMED | ||||
| Q1 (0–2) | 590 | 5592 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (3) | 531 | 5282 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) |
| Q3 (4) | 561 | 5584 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.13) |
| Q4 (5) | 565 | 5355 | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) |
| Q5 (6–9) | 712 | 7479 | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.15) |
| P for trend | 0.1762 | 0.6136 | ||
| DASH | ||||
| Q1 (9–19) | 603 | 5138 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Q2 (20–22) | 631 | 6269 | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.96) |
| Q3 (23–24) | 510 | 4898 | 0.88 (0.77, 0.99) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) |
| Q4 (25–27) | 650 | 6749 | 0.81 (0.72, 0.91) | 0.81 (0.71, 0.91) |
| Q5 (28–39) | 565 | 6238 | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.89) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | ||
1
AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; aMED, alternate Mediterranean diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI, Healthy Eating Index.
2
Stratified by matching factors (birth year, sex, race/ethnicity, and length of Medicare enrollment).
3
Further adjusted for BMI (in kg/m2), physical activity (h/d), total energy intake (log-transformed kcal/d), and coffee consumption (0, >0‒1, 2‒3, ≥4 cups/d). For HEI-2015 and DASH, further adjusted for alcohol intake (g/d).