TABLE 3.
Association between dietary quality indexes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by cirrhosis status in the Multiethnic Cohort1
| Cirrhosis | No cirrhosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)2 | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI)2 | P-heterogeneity | |
| HEI-2015 | |||||||
| Q1 (17.9–58.0) | 113 | 986 | 1.00 (ref.) | 551 | 4792 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Q2 (58.1–64.3) | 134 | 1017 | 1.14 (0.87, 1.51) | 496 | 4795 | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) | |
| Q3 (64.4–69.9) | 106 | 1009 | 0.96 (0.72, 1.28) | 458 | 4875 | 0.83 (0.73, 0.95) | |
| Q4 (70.0–76.4) | 83 | 1036 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.02) | 494 | 4842 | 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) | |
| Q5 (76.5–99.6) | 73 | 1018 | 0.74 (0.54, 1.03) | 451 | 4922 | 0.84 (0.74, 0.97) | |
| P for trend | 0.0088 | 0.0315 | 0.0341 | ||||
| AHEI-2010 | |||||||
| Q1 (25.1–57.1) | 120 | 1032 | 1.00 (ref.) | 503 | 4782 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Q2 (57.2–62.8) | 105 | 1052 | 0.82 (0.61, 1.09) | 483 | 4805 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | |
| Q3 (62.9–67.6) | 113 | 1040 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.20) | 488 | 4806 | 0.99 (0.86, 1.13) | |
| Q4 (67.7–73.1) | 102 | 979 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.24) | 504 | 4877 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | |
| Q5 (73.2–104.5) | 69 | 963 | 0.64 (0.46, 0.89) | 472 | 4956 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | |
| P for trend | 0.0395 | 0.8272 | 0.1450 | ||||
| aMED | |||||||
| Q1 (0–2) | 100 | 998 | 1.00 (ref.) | 490 | 4594 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Q2 (3) | 100 | 929 | 1.10 (0.81, 1.48) | 431 | 4353 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | |
| Q3 (4) | 105 | 1010 | 1.09 (0.80, 1.49) | 456 | 4574 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.12) | |
| Q4 (5) | 94 | 902 | 1.11 (0.80, 1.55) | 471 | 4453 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) | |
| Q5 (6–9) | 110 | 1227 | 1.02 (0.72, 1.42) | 602 | 6252 | 1.00 (0.86, 1.15) | |
| P for trend | 0.9491 | 0.6397 | 0.5319 | ||||
| DASH | |||||||
| Q1 (9–19) | 95 | 768 | 1.00 (ref.) | 508 | 4370 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
| Q2 (20–22) | 117 | 1025 | 0.90 (0.67, 1.21) | 514 | 5244 | 0.84 (0.74, 0.96) | |
| Q3 (23–24) | 88 | 857 | 0.78 (0.56, 1.07) | 422 | 4041 | 0.90 (0.78, 1.03) | |
| Q4 (25–27) | 110 | 1236 | 0.69 (0.51, 0.94) | 540 | 5513 | 0.83 (0.72, 0.95) | |
| Q5 (28–39) | 99 | 1180 | 0.68 (0.49, 0.94) | 466 | 5058 | 0.80 (0.69, 0.92) | |
| P for trend | 0.0058 | 0.0054 | 0.0493 | ||||
1
AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; aMED, alternate Mediterranean diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI, Healthy Eating Index.
2
Stratified by matching factors and adjusted for BMI (in kg/m2), physical activity (h/d), total energy (log-transformed kcal/d), and coffee consumption (0, >0‒1, 2–3, ≥4 cups/d). For HEI-2015 and DASH, further adjusted for alcohol intake (g/d).