Gremlin 1 attenuates VEGFA induced increases in human lung microvascular
endothelial cell number. (a) Numbers of human microvascular endothelial
cells from the lung (HMVEC-L) after exposure for 24 h to vehicle alone,
vehicle and gremlin 1 (2 µg/mL), VEGFA (1 ng/mL) alone, VEGFA (1 ng/mL)
together with gremlin 1 (2 µg/mL), VEGFA (8 ng/mL) alone, or VEGFA
(8 ng/mL) together with gremlin 1 (2 µg/mL). Cell counts are expressed
relative to control number (vehicle) in each experiment. (b) Numbers of
HMVEC-L after exposure to vehicle alone, vehicle and gremlin 1
(2 µg/mL), BMP2 (50 ng/mL) alone, BMP2 (50 ng/mL) together with gremlin
1 (2 µg/mL), BMP2 (100 ng/mL) alone, or BMP2 (100 ng/mL) together with
gremlin 1 (2 µg/mL) for 24 h. Cell counts are expressed relative to
control number (vehicle) in each experiment. Bars represent
mean ± SD.