Ni 2005.

Methods	Study design: parallel, 2‐arm RCT Time frame: not reported Duration of follow‐up: 24 months
Participants	Setting: multicentre (number of sites not reported) Country: China Inclusion criteria: progressive biopsy‐proven IgAN; proteinuria > 1.0 g/day or SCr > 178 µmol/L and < 250 µmol/L Number (analysed/randomised): treatment group (unclear/53); control group (unclear/49) Mean age ± SD (years): not reported Sex (M/F): not reported Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Treatment group Leflunomide: 40 mg/day for 3 days followed by 20 mg/d for 12 months Prednisone: 0.8 mg/kg tapered to 10 mg/kg for 12 months Control group Prednisone: 1 mg/kg/day tapered to 10 mg/day for 12 months Co‐interventions not reported
Outcomes	Remission of proteinuria SCr GFR Adverse events
Notes	Abstract‐only publication Funding: not reported Trials registration identification number: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Blinding of outcome assessment not specifically reported. Key outcomes were objective laboratory measures and were unlikely to be affected by any knowledge of treatment allocation. However, reporting of adverse events may have been influenced by knowledge of treatment allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Preliminary reports, unsure of final number enrolled. 73/102 participants completed 12 months, 28/102 completed 24 months
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Data for outcomes such as ESKD, death (any cause), and malignancy were not reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement