Table 2.

Categorization of massive open online course media activity by learning experience.

Learning experience	Description	MOOCa media activity
Acquisition	Learners are introduced to a concept or learn more about a concept, but are not asked to undertake any action or articulate their understanding	Video, article, and podcast
Discussion	A stimulus for discussion is generated for learners to discuss their emerging understanding of the concepts	Online discussion forums, online hangouts with educators, and Twitter chats
Inquiry	Learners are guided in their search for additional resources to build upon their understanding of the concept	Web search, database search, case-based learning, and problem-based learning
Practice	The learners undertake activities that allows the learners to apply their understanding of the concept and receive feedback on their work	Virtual learning environments, programming tasks, and assessments such as automated multiple-choice tests with feedback
Collaboration	Learners are tasked with creating a joint product and expected to articulate their decision-making process to other learners throughout this activity	Small group projects, online discussion forums, and creating Wikipedia pages
Production	The learners are asked to generate a piece of work that allows the learners to articulate their understanding of the concept	Creation of digital files (video, podcast), written assignments, peer reviewing assignments, writing new code, webpage, and blogs

^aMOOC: massive open online course.