Table 2. Baseline Characteristics and Examination Counts by Clinical CVH Score Trajectory Groupa.
| Characteristic | CVH score trajectory group | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-late decline (n = 1518) | High-moderate decline (n = 2403) | High-early decline (n = 3066) | Intermediate-late decline (n = 1475) | Intermediate-early decline (n = 926) | Overall (N = 9388) | ||
| Baseline characteristicb | |||||||
| Female | 1026 (67.6) | 1379 (57.4) | 1480 (48.3) | 860 (58.3) | 401 (43.3) | 5146 (54.8) | <.001 |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 1156 (76.2) | 1627 (67.7) | 1874 (61.1) | 1030 (69.8) | 541 (58.4) | 6228 (66.3) | <.001 |
| Black | 362 (23.8) | 768 (32.0) | 1191 (38.8) | 444 (30.1) | 384 (41.5) | 3149 (33.5) | |
| Other | 0 | 8 (0.3) | 1 (0.03) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 19.26 (7.7) | 17.20 (7.4) | 17.10 (7.4) | 17.61 (7.6) | 16.05 (7.3) | 17.45 (7.5) | <.001 |
| Age group, y | |||||||
| 8-11 | 417 (27.5) | 882 (36.7) | 1079 (35.2) | 494 (33.5) | 387 (41.8) | 3259 (34.7) | <.001 |
| 12-19 | 318 (21.0) | 576 (24.0) | 820 (26.7) | 374 (25.4) | 239 (25.8) | 2327 (24.8) | |
| ≥20 | 783 (51.6) | 945 (39.3) | 1167 (38.1) | 607 (41.2) | 300 (32.4) | 3802 (40.5) | |
| Cohort | |||||||
| Young Finns | 259 (17.1) | 400 (16.6) | 658 (21.5) | 420 (28.5) | 225 (24.3) | 1962 (20.9) | <.001 |
| Project HeartBeat! | 0 | 61 (2.5) | 32 (1.0) | 10 (0.7) | 11 (1.2) | 114 (1.2) | |
| CARDIA | 861 (56.7) | 1042 (43.4) | 1301 (42.4) | 660 (44.8) | 336 (36.3) | 4200 (44.7) | |
| Bogalusa | 398 (26.2) | 822 (34.2) | 995 (32.4) | 358 (24.3) | 334 (36.1) | 2907 (31.0) | |
| STRIP | 0 | 78 (3.2) | 80 (2.6) | 27 (1.8) | 20 (2.2) | 205 (2.2) | |
| Clinical measures, mean (SD) | |||||||
| BMI | 19.2 (3.0) | 19.5 (3.6) | 21.8 (5.9) | 21.3 (4.6) | 25.0 (7.0) | 21.0 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Percentile BMI by age and sexc | 34.5 (24.1) | 38.3 (23.8) | 50.5 (27.8) | 53.4 (31.1) | 75.4 (25.9) | 48.4 (29.1) | <.001 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| Systolic | 103.7 (10.1) | 104.5 (10.4) | 109.2 (12.4) | 110.2 (11.9) | 115.0 (12.4) | 107.8 (12.0) | <.001 |
| Percentile systolicc | 31.6 (21.4) | 34.5 (21.9) | 42.0 (24.7) | 51.6 (27.5) | 61.0 (25.8) | 41.7 (25.6) | <.001 |
| Diastolic | 60.7 (12.4) | 58.8 (13.9) | 61.4 (15.3) | 63.1 (13.9) | 63.8 (16.0) | 61.1 (14.4) | <.001 |
| Percentile diastolicc | 20.6 (20.3) | 20.3 (19.9) | 22.4 (22.3) | 25.8 (24.8) | 28.0 (24.9) | 22.6 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol level, mg/dL | 162.9 (26.2) | 165.3 (27.3) | 182.3 (35.1) | 188.2 (36.7) | 199.8 (37.1) | 177.4 (34.6) | <.001 |
| Fasting glucose level, mg/dL | 80.7 (7.9) | 81.2 (7.7) | 83.2 (9.7) | 82.8 (9.5) | 89.00 (27.5) | 82.7 (12.1) | <.001 |
| Ideal behavior scoresd | |||||||
| Smoking | 1092 (71.9) | 1776 (73.9) | 2259 (73.7) | 1061 (71.9) | 685 (74.0) | 6873 (73.2) | .01 |
| Diet | 547 (41.6) | 571 (29.3) | 641 (24.9) | 416 (32.4) | 166 (21.4) | 2341 (29.7) | <.001 |
| Physical activity | 440 (33.7) | 592 (30.3) | 736 (28.9) | 350 (27.4) | 215 (27.8) | 2333 (29.7) | .02 |
| Maternal educational level, ye | |||||||
| <6 | 31 (2.4) | 72 (3.9) | 130 (5.4) | 65 (5.3) | 32 (4.3) | 330 (4.4) | <.001 |
| 6-9 | 154 (12.2) | 233 (12.6) | 436 (18.0) | 210 (17.0) | 166 (22.5) | 1199 (16.0) | |
| 9-12 | 510 (40.4) | 850 (46.1) | 1103 (45.5) | 508 (41.1) | 350 (47.5) | 3321 (44.3) | |
| 12-16 | 419 (33.2) | 513 (27.8) | 581 (24.0) | 311 (25.2) | 145 (19.7) | 1969 (26.2) | |
| >16 (graduate school) | 149 (11.8) | 175 (9.5) | 173 (7.1) | 141 (11.4) | 44 (6.0) | 682 (9.1) | |
| Paternal educational level, ye | |||||||
| <6 | 48 (3.9) | 100 (5.6) | 149 (6.4) | 74 (6.1) | 54 (7.6) | 425 (5.8) | <.001 |
| 6-9 | 159 (12.8) | 295 (16.6) | 513 (21.9) | 271 (22.5) | 164 (23.1) | 1402 (19.3) | |
| 9-12 | 454 (36.6) | 753 (42.3) | 1020 (43.6) | 449 (37.3) | 331 (46.7) | 3007 (41.3) | |
| 12-16 | 362 (29.2) | 442 (24.8) | 498 (21.3) | 281 (23.4) | 126 (17.8) | 1709 (23.5) | |
| >16 (graduate school) | 218 (17.6) | 192 (10.8) | 162 (6.9) | 128 (10.6) | 34 (4.8) | 734 (10.1) | |
| Examinations with clinical cardiovascular scores, mean (SD), No. | 4.8 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.4) | 4.6 (1.4) | 4.5 (1.3) | 4.5 (1.4) | 4.6 (1.4) | <.001 |
| cIMT measurements | 1088 (71.7) | 1490 (62.0) | 2035 (66.4) | 1058 (71.7) | 616 (66.5) | 6287 (67.0) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CVH, cardiovascular health.
A 5-group, cubic order trajectory model was used. Data are presented as number (percentage) of individuals unless otherwise indicated.
Baseline age group and clinical measures were taken from a participant’s first examination even if that examination had a missing clinical score.
For BMI (n = 3343), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (n = 1412), percentiles were only available for those younger than 20 years at baseline.
Behavior scores were not available for all participants. Imputed and observed values were used: smoking scores (9388 [100%]); diet (7894 [84%]); physical activity (7855 [84%]). Ideal behavior scores are described in the Methods section.
Maternal and paternal education data were not available for all individuals. Imputed and observed values were used: father (7277 [78%]); mother (7501 [80%]).