Exhibit 1.
Demographics and County Characteristics of Individuals Enrolled in the West Virginia Medicaid Expansion Overall and Individuals with OUD, 2014 to 2016
| N | 349,927 | 19,318 | 330,609 | |
| Mean Age in Years | 38.8743 | 34.35573 | 39.13833 | *** |
| Male | 47.22% | 57.97% | 46.59% | *** |
| Female | 52.78% | 42.03% | 53.41% | *** |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 89.86% | 90.70% | 89.81% | *** |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4.10% | 1.65% | 4.24% | *** |
| Hispanic | 0.61% | 2.69% | 0.49% | *** |
| Other Race | 5.43% | 4.97% | 5.46% | ** |
| Rural-suburban-urban status | ||||
| In an MSA | 56.99% | 64.45% | 56.56% | *** |
| Suburban, adjacent to an MSA | 28.63% | 24.56% | 28.87% | *** |
| Rural, non-adjacent to MSA | 14.38% | 10.99% | 14.58% | *** |
| Chronic Condition | ||||
| Any Chronic Condition | 38.07% | 52.38% | 37.23% | *** |
| Hypertension | 12.99% | 10.00% | 13.16% | *** |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5.80% | 2.52% | 6.00% | *** |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.43% | 0.28% | 0.44% | ** |
| Asthma | 2.57% | 2.45% | 2.57% | |
| COPD | 3.22% | 3.41% | 3.21% | |
| Arthritis | 5.72% | 4.34% | 5.80% | *** |
| Diabetes | 7.32% | 3.57% | 7.54% | *** |
| Depression | 7.62% | 21.13% | 6.83% | *** |
| Anxiety Disorder | 6.59% | 14.92% | 6.10% | *** |
| Bipolar Disorder | 2.97% | 10.06% | 2.56% | *** |
| Hepatitis C | 1.14% | 7.31% | 0.78% | *** |
| HIV | 0.12% | 0.22% | 0.12% | *** |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | 1.14% | 4.62% | 0.93% | *** |
| Chronic Pain | 1.33% | 3.00% | 1.23% | *** |
Source: Authors’ analysis of West Virginia Medicaid expansion claims data 2014–2016.
Notes: Rural-urban status is determined using the urban-rural continuum code scores. Each observation in this table represents a unique individual with at least 10 months of data during one of the three years from 2014 to 2016. P-value for pairwise t-test between people diagnosed with opioid use disorder and those without opioid use disorder diagnosis.
*
P<.05,
**
P<.01,
***
P<.001