Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Sample at Baseline (Seventh Examination, Sample 1) Based on Duration of Time Lived in Intermediate or Ideal CVH.
| Characteristic | Duration of CVH Score in Intermediate or Ideal CVH by Category, No. (%) of Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (>10 y; n = 656) | 2 (5-10 y; n = 271) | 3 (<5 y; n = 518) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 59 (9) | 61 (9) | 62 (9) |
| Attained high school degreea | 557 (97) | 234 (97) | 435 (95) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25 (3) | 28 (4) | 31 (5) |
| Current smoker | 32 (5) | 22 (8) | 84 (16) |
| Diet score, mean (SD)b | 1.9 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.9) |
| Physical activity score | |||
| Ideal | 193 (29) | 80 (30) | 81 (16) |
| Intermediate | 195 (30) | 64 (24) | 116 (22) |
| Poor | 268 (41) | 127 (47) | 321 (62) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 119 (16) | 128 (17) | 134 (17) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 72 (9) | 75 (9) | 77 (10) |
| Hypertensive | 168 (26) | 125 (46) | 357 (67) |
| Antihypertension medication | 122 (19) | 94 (35) | 270 (52) |
| Total cholesterol level, mean (SD), mg/dL | 195 (31) | 203 (36) | 208 (40) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, mean (SD) mg/dL | 58 (16) | 52 (15) | 49 (15) |
| Lipid lowering medication | 66 (10) | 70 (26) | 150 (29) |
| Fasting blood glucose level (median, Q1/Q3), mg/dL | 93 (88/99) | 99 (92/107) | 105 (98/117) |
| Diabetes | 11 (2) | 19 (7) | 111 (21) |
| Diabetes medication | 9 (1) | 12 (4) | 57 (11) |
| Prevalent CVD | 48 (7) | 33 (12) | 79 (15) |
| CHD | 37 (6) | 21 (8) | 50 (10) |
| Stroke | 7 (1) | 6 (2) | 10 (2) |
| CHF | 4 (1) | 3 (1) | 8 (2) |
| PAD | 7 (1) | 8 (3) | 22 (4) |
| Other CVD | 4 (1) | 7 (3) | 9 (2) |
| CKD or microalbuminuria | 50 (10) | 30 (15) | 73 (19) |
| CVH score, mean (SD) | 9.9 (1.4) | 8.0 (1.4) | 6.1 (1.3) |
| CVH score category | |||
| Ideal (12-14) | 92 (14) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Intermediate (8-11) | 564 (86) | 166 (61) | 52 (10) |
| Poor (0-7) | 0 (0) | 102 (38) | 466 (90) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CHD, coronary heart disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVH, cardiovascular health; PAD, peripheral artery disease; Q, quartile.
SI conversion factors: To convert total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259; blood glucose levels to millimoles per liter, by 0.0555.
Not all values sum to 100% because of missing data (eg, educational attainment data are for 573 participants in category 1, rather than 656 participants).
Healthy diet score: Values for each participant could be 0, 1, or 2 depending on the number of components satisfied (>4.5 cups per day of fruits and vegetables, 2 or more 3.5-oz servings per week of fish, <1500 mg/d of sodium, ≤450 kcal per week of sugar-sweetened beverages, and 3 or more 1-oz equivalent servings per day of fiber-rich whole grains).