Table 2.
Campaign content and outcomes in the mass-media and personalised campaigns
| Study | The campaign message… | ||||||||||
| …emphasises signs and symptoms of ACS | …emphasises the importance of EMS use | …emphasises the need for fast action/therapy | …is tailored to the individual | …directly targets people at risk | …involves an action plan | …encourages the involvement of bystanders | …significantly changes… | ||||
| PHD | EMS | K | ED | ||||||||
| Mode of delivery: mass media | |||||||||||
| Bray et al19 | √ (3, 4, 5) |
√ (3, 4, 5) |
√ (3, 4, 5) |
n/r | n/r | √ (4, 5) |
n/r | √ | x | x | |
| Thuresson et al21 | √ (2, 3, 4) |
√ (2, 3, 4) |
√ (2, 3, 4) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | √ | √ | |
| Tummala and Farshid20 | √ (3, 4, 5) |
√ (3, 4, 5) |
√ (3, 4, 5) |
n/r | n/r | √ (4, 5) |
n/r | x | x | ||
| Pereira et al22 | √ (2, 3, 4) |
√ (2, 3, 4) |
√ (2, 3, 4) |
n/r | √ (2) |
n/r | n/r | √ | √ | ||
| Naegeli et al23 | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) |
√ (2, 3, 4, 5) |
√ (2, 3, 4, 5) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | √ (2,4,5) |
√ | |||
| Diercks et al26 | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) |
n/r | n/r | x | |||
| Luepker et al11 | √ (2, 3, 4) |
√ (2, 3, 4) |
√ (2, 3, 4) |
n/r | √ (1, 2, 4) |
√ (3) |
√ (3) |
x | √ | x | |
| Gaspoz et al14 | √ (3, 4) |
√ (3, 4) |
√ (3, 4) |
n/r | √ (4) |
n/r | n/r | √ | x | √ | |
| Blohm et al15 | √ (3, 4) |
√ (3, 4) |
√ (3, 4) |
n/r | n/r | √ (3 |
n/r | √ | x | ||
| Bett et al32 | √ (3, 4) |
n/r | √ (3, 4) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | |||
| Moses et al27 | √ (2, 3, 4,) |
n/r | √ (2, 3, 4) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | √ | ||
| Ho et al28 | √ (3) |
√ (3) |
√ (3) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | √ | ||
| Mitic and Perkins33 | √ (3) |
√ (3) |
√ (3) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | √ | √ | ||
| Mode of delivery: personalised | |||||||||||
| Mooney et al30 | √ (1) |
√ (1) |
√ (1) |
√ (1) |
√ (1) |
√ (1, 4) |
√ (1) |
√ | x | ||
| Dracup et al29 | √ (1, 4) |
√ (1, 4) |
√ (1, 4) |
√ (1, 4) |
√ (1) |
√ (1, 4) |
√ (1) |
x | x | √ | x |
| Blank and Smithline24 | √ (1,4) |
√ (1,4) |
n/r | n/r | √ (1) |
√ (1) |
√ (1) |
x | √ | ||
| Meischke et al31 | √ (3/4) |
√ (3/4) |
√ (3/4) |
n/r | √ (4) |
n/r | √ (4) |
x | x | ||
| Black and Brown25 | √ (2) |
n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | √ (2) |
√ | x | √ | |
1=one-to-one session, 2=groups/events/CVDscreening, 3=mass media, 4=written material, 5=internet.
ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical service; K, ACS-related knowledge; n/r, not reported; PHD, prehospital delay.