Table 1. Next-generation ARIA-GRADE guidelines.

	GRADE recommendation	mHealth RWE	Chamber studies
Oral H1-antihistamines are less potent than INCSs BUT many patients prefer oral drugs	[5] No information on the patient’s preference	[41, 59] No information on the patient’s preference	–
Intranasal H1-antihistamines are less effective than INCSs	[5]	[41, 59]	–
Intranasal H1-antihistamines are effective within minutes	[5]	–	[51, 54]
INCSs are potent medications	[4, 5]	[41, 59]	–
The onset of action of INCSs takes a few hours to a few days (except for ciclesonide that is effective quicker)	[5]	–	[53, 70]
The combination of INCSs and oral H1-antihistamines offers no advantage over INCSs	[3, 4]	[41, 59]	–
The fixed combination of INCSs and intranasal H1-antihistamines is more potent than INCSs	YES – in case of moderate to severe symptoms [4]	[41, 59]	–
The fixed combination of INCSs and intranasal H1-antihistamines is effective within minutes	–	–	[16, 53, 55]
Leukotriene antagonists are less potent than INCSs	[4, 5]	–	–

ARIA = Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma; GRADE = Grading of Recommendations -Assessment, Development and Evaluation. (Reprinted with kind permission from [27, 32, 84]).