Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of normotensive subjects and controlled hypertensive patients and those in hypertensive crisis (divided in hypertensive urgency and emergency)
| Variable | NT (n = 40)a |
CHyp (n = 58)b |
HypUrg (n = 43)c |
HypEmerg (n = 57)d |
p-value (axbxcxd) |
a x b | a x c | a x d | b x c | b x d | c x d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.5 ± 10.2 | 57.7 ± 7.4 | 59.4 ± 15.6 | 62.4 ± 14.3 | <0.0001 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0,09 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| Gender (male; %) | 11 (27.5) | 29 (50) | 21 (48.9) | 31 (54.4) | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0,24 | 0.16 | |
| Skin color (White; %) | 33 (82.5) | 50 (86.2) | 27 (62.8) | 44 (77.2) | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.009 | 0.11 | 0.12 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.3 | 29.6 ± 3.4 | 30.1 ± 7.2 | 27.6 ± 6.3 | 0.002 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.006 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Smokers (%) | 6 (15%) | 11 (19) | 7 (16.3) | 17 (29.8) | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.08 | |
| History of diabetes (%) | – | 9 (15.5) | 12 (27.9) | 23 (40.3) | 0.009 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.14 | 0.003 | 0.09 | |
| Blood Pressure | |||||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.3 ± 11.8 | 123.2 ± 10.5 | 194.1 ± 28.6 | 191.6 ± 34.3 | <0.0001 | 0.16 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.10 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.3 ± 9 | 79 ± 7.7 | 121.4 ± 17.3 | 121.7 ± 18.8 | <0.0001 | 0.14 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.09 |
| Drugs, n(%) | |||||||||||
| Antidiabetic drugs (%) | – | 16 (27.6) | 4 (9.3) | 13 (22.8) | – | – | – | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.11 | |
| Statins (%) | – | 14 (24.1) | 15 (34.9) | 22 (38.6) | – | – | – | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.14 | |
| Diuretics (%) | – | 48 (82.8) | 26 (60.4) | 29 (50.9) | – | – | – | 0.02 | 0.0003 | 0.12 | |
| ARB (%) | – | 25 (43.1) | 16 (37.2) | 18 (28) | – | – | – | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.17 | |
| ACEi (%) | – | 22 (38) | 18 (41.8) | 31 (45.6) | – | – | – | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.14 | |
| CCB (%) | – | 18 (31) | 14 (32.6) | 18 (31.6) | – | – | – | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.22 | |
| B-blockers (%) | – | 16 (27.6) | 26 (60.4) | 27 (47.4) | – | – | – | 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.18 | |
| Antiaggregant and/or anticoagulant (%) | – | 19 (32.8) | 19 (44.2) | 37 (64.9) | – | – | – | 0.20 | 0.0008 | 0.04 | |
NT normotensive group, CHyp controlled hypertensive group, HypUrg hypertensive urgency, HypEmerg hypertensive emergency, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, CCB calcium channel blockers