Table 1.
Overview of respondent’s input based on the survey
| Responses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Europe | U.S. | Othera | |
| Valid respondents | 565 (100%) | 208 (37%) | 224 (40%) | 133 (23%) |
| Role at ICU | ||||
| Critical care physician | 509/565 (90%) | 197/208 (95%) | 186/224 (83%) | 126/133 (95%) |
| Infectious diseases physician | 8/565 (1%) | 4/208 (2%) | 3/224 (1%) | 1/133 (0.5%) |
| Nurse | 9/565 (2%) | 1/208 (1%) | 7/224 (3%) | 1/133 (0.5%) |
| Other | 39/565 (7%) | 6/208 (2%) | 28/224 (13%) | 5/133 (4%) |
| Number of ICU beds | ||||
| < 20 beds | 176/554 (32%) | 94/207 (46%) | 27/222 (12%) | 55/125 (44%) |
| 21–60 beds | 226/554 (41%) | 85/207 (41%) | 89/222 (40%) | 52/125 (42%) |
| 61–100 beds | 68/554 (12%) | 17/207 (8%) | 43/222 (19%) | 8/125 (6%) |
| > 100 beds | 84/554 (15%) | 11/207 (5%) | 63/222 (29%) | 10/125 (8%) |
| Number of severe influenza cases per season | ||||
| < 10 cases | 132/557 (23%) | 56/206 (27%) | 32/222 (14%) | 44/129 (34%) |
| 11–30 cases | 272/557 (49%) | 118/206 (57%) | 99/222 (45%) | 55/129 (43%) |
| 31–50 cases | 60/557 (11%) | 18/206 (9%) | 30/222 (14%) | 12/129 (9%) |
| > 50 cases | 49/557 (9%) | 10/206 (5%) | 27/222 (12%) | 12/129 (9%) |
| I do not know | 44/557 (8%) | 4/206 (2%) | 34/222 (15%) | 6/129 (5%) |
| NAIs as standardized treatment | ||||
| Yes | 416/556 (75%) | 162/206 (79%) | 165/222 (74%) | 89/128 (70%) |
| Yes, but only if influenza symptoms started ≤ 48–72 h before ICU admission | 97/556 (17%) | 34/206 (17%) | 41/222 (19%) | 22/128 (17%) |
| No | 27/556 (5%) | 7/206 (3%) | 3/222 (1%) | 17/128 (13%) |
| I do not know | 16/556 (3%) | 3/206 (1%) | 13/222 (6%) | 0 |
| Obtaining lower respiratory samples | ||||
| Always | 78/554 (14%) | 52/205 (25%) | 10/220 (5%) | 16/129 (12%) |
| Very often | 139/554 (25%) | 67/205 (33%) | 43/220 (19%) | 29/129 (22%) |
| Sometimes | 187/554 (34%) | 50/205 (24%) | 97/220 (44%) | 40/129 (31%) |
| Rarely | 129/554 (23%) | 31/205 (15%) | 65/220 (29%) | 33/129 (26%) |
| Never | 16/554 (3%) | 5/205 (3%) | 1/220 (1%) | 10/129 (8%) |
| N/A—have not treated patients | 5/554 (1%) | 0 | 4/220 (2%) | 1/129 (1%) |
| Galactomannan testing in BAL | ||||
| Always | 52/551 (9%) | 38/204 (19%) | 5/220 (2%) | 9/127 (7%) |
| Very often | 65/551 (12%) | 38/204 (19%) | 14/220 (6%) | 13/127 (10%) |
| Sometimes | 107/551 (19%) | 37/204 (18%) | 46/220 (21%) | 24/127 (19%) |
| Rarely | 163/551 (30%) | 43/204 (21%) | 83/220 (38%) | 37/127 (29%) |
| Never | 143/551 (26%) | 44/204 (21%) | 61/220 (28%) | 38/127 (30%) |
| N/A—have not treated patients | 21/551 (4%) | 4/204 (2%) | 11/220 (5%) | 6/127 (5%) |
| Galactomannan testing in serum | ||||
| Always | 39/554 (7%) | 28/205 (14%) | 5/220 (2%) | 6/129 (5%) |
| Very often | 60/554 (11%) | 36/205 (18%) | 11/220 (5%) | 13/129 (10%) |
| Sometimes | 115/554 (21%) | 42/205 (20%) | 46/220 (21%) | 27/129 (21%) |
| Rarely | 175/554 (31%) | 47/205 (23%) | 94/220 (43%) | 34/129 (26%) |
| Never | 142/554 (26%) | 48/205 (23%) | 51/220 (23%) | 43/129 (33%) |
| N/A—have not treated patients | 23/554 (4%) | 4/205 (2%) | 13/220 (6%) | 6/129 (5%) |
| Number of IAPA in influenza patients in the past 5 years | ||||
| No | 347/553 (63%) | 85/204 (41%) | 183/220 (83%) | 79/129 (61%) |
| Yes, 1 patient | 77/553 (14%) | 34/204 (17%) | 21/220 (9%) | 22/129 (17%) |
| Yes, 2–5 patients | 99/553 (18%) | 61/204 (30%) | 15/220 (7%) | 23/129 (18%) |
| Yes, > 5 patients | 30/553 (5%) | 24/204 (12%) | 1/220 (1%) | 5/129 (4%) |
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the differences in proportions of responses between Europe, the US, and other countries. Fisher’s exact or χ2 test was used to calculate the p values. Correction for multiple comparisons was applied. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was used to determine univariate correlations between parameters. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results were analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics version 26). ICU intensive care unit, N/A not applicable, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, IAPA influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis
aOther countries + unknown