Fig. 2.

KD plasma induces OPN, OCN, and ALP expressions in HCASMCs. The HCASMCs were either maintained as controls or were treated with either FC or KC plasma for 3, 7, or 10 days, after which we examined the mRNA expressions of OPN (a), OCN (b), and ALP (c) using real-time PCR and the protein expressions of OPN, OCN, and ALP (d–e) using the western blot test. The data in (a–e) are mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 vs. control cells. The results in (d–e) are representative of three independent experiments with similar results