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. 2020 Mar 11;20:96. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01360-w

Table 2.

The prevalence and frequency of ophthalmic disorders in the systemic lupus erythematosus cohort and comparison cohort (N = 5731)

Variable N (%) P
systemic lupus erythematosus cohort 521 (9.1) comparison cohort 5210 (90.9)
Ophthalmologist visits
 Prevalence (%) 355 (68.1) 3151 (60.5) 0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 5.51 (0–21.28) 1.71 (0–7.02) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 21.15 (42.22) 7.98 (18.50)
Chronic conjunctivitis (excluding chronic allergic conjunctivitis)
 Prevalence (%) 258 (50.5) 1568 (30.1) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–3.58) 0 (0–1.07) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 3.81 (8.01) 1.94 (7.30)
Dry eye syndrome
 Prevalence (%) 144 (27.6) 365 (7.0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0.98) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 2.97 (9.65) 0.46 (3.71)
Acute and chronic allergic conjunctivitis
 Prevalence (%) 108 (20.7) 681 (13.1) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.95 (3.70) 0.51 (3.26)
Keratitis (excluding dry eye syndrome)
 Prevalence (%) 90 (17.3) 437 (8.4) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 1.03 (4.50) 0.28 (1.76)
Refractive disorders
 Prevalence (%) 90 (17.3) 315 (6.0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.75 (3.28) 0.18 (1.20)
Acute conjunctivitis (excluding acute allergic conjunctivitis)
 Prevalence (%) 88 (16.9) 545 (10.5) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.52 (1.80) 0.28 (1.97)
Cataracts
 Prevalence (%) 85 (16.3) 431 (8.3) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 1.97 (7.05) 0.84 (4.98)
Hordeolum
 Prevalence (%) 73 (14.0) 637 (12.2) 0.238
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.224
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.40 (1.49) 0.31 (1.19)
Retina disorder
 Prevalence (%) 44 (8.4) 202 (3.9) <  0.001
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) <  0.001
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.87 (6.32) 0.31 (2.96)
Glaucoma
 Prevalence (%) 20 (3.8) 133 (2.6) 0.083
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.085
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.52 (4.29) 0.61 (6.71)
Primary open-angle glaucoma
 Prevalence (%) 2 (0.4) 27 (0.5) 0.680
 Number of visits, median (IQR) (/10 years) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0)
 Number of visits, mean (SD) (/10 years) 0.07 (1.44) 0.13 (2.42) 0.680

P values were obtained by Chi-square test for comparison of prevalence and Mann-Whitney U-test for comparison of medians of number of visits

IQR Interquartile range, SD Standard deviation