Table 2. Comparison of the band extrema predicted in Table 1 to those predicted by DFT calculations for a wide range of cubic double perovskites. The B and B′ orbitals that contribute to a band were determined from DFT density-of-states calculations but, in principle, could come from chemical reasoning or experimental information. For a given perovskite, the k points corresponding to band extrema that are calculated to be within 0.1 eV of each other are listed together.
Compound | Valence band maximum |
Conduction band minimum |
Bandgap | Reference | ||||||
B | B′ | Pred. | Calc. | B | B′ | Pred. | Calc. | |||
Cs2AgBiBr6 a | Ag 4dz2 | Bi 6s | X | X | Ag 5s | Bi 6p | L | L | Indirect | 12 |
Cs2AgInCl6 | Ag 4dz2 b | Null | Γ | Γ | Ag 5s | In 5s | Γ | Γ | Direct | 18 |
Cs2AgSbBr6 a | Ag 4dz2 | Sb 5s | X | X | Ag 5s | Sb 5p | L | L | Indirect | 46 |
Cs2AgTlBr6 a | Ag 4dz2 b | Null | Γ | Γ | Ag 5s | Tl 6s | Γ | Γ | Direct | 17 |
Cs2AgYCl6 | Ag 4dz2 b | Null | Γ & X | L | Ag 5s | Null c | Γ | Γ | Indirect | 47 |
Cs2KBiCl6 | K 3p | Bi 6s | L | L | K 4p d | Bi 6p | Γ | Γ & L | Direct | See ESI |
Cs2KYCl6 | Null | Null | Γ & X | Γ & X | Null | Y 4dxy e | Γ | Γ | Direct | 44 |
Cs2NaBiCl6 | Null | Bi 6s | X | X | Na 3p d | Bi 6p | Γ | Γ & L | Indirect | See ESI |
Cs2NaInBr6 a , f | Null | Null | Γ & X | Γ & X | Null | In 5s | Γ | Γ | Direct | 48 and 49 |
(MA)2TlBiBr6 g | Tl 6s | Bi 6s | Γ | Γ | Tl 6p | Bi 6p | Γ | Γ | Direct | 19 |
Cs2TlTlCl6 h | Tl 6s | Null | X | X | Tl 6p | Tl 6s | L | L | Indirect | 50 |
Cs2HfIV□Cl6 a | Null | Null | Γ & X | Γ & X | Hf 5dxy e | Null | Γ & X | Γ & X | Indirect | 41 |
Cs2PdIV□Br6 | Null | Null | Γ & X | Γ & X | Pd 4dz2 | Null | X | X | Direct | 40 |
Cs2SnIV□I6 a | Null | Null | Γ & X | Γ | Sn 5s | Null | Γ | Γ | Direct | 38 |
Cs2TeIV□I6 | Te 6s | Null | X | X | Te 6p | Null | L | L | Indirect | 39 |
Cs2TiIV□I6 a | Null | Null | Γ & X | Γ | Ti 3dxy e | Null | Γ & X | Γ & X | Indirect | 42 |
aIsostructural compounds with other halides are known. These compounds are also well-described by the LCAO model.
bThe dz2 orbital is degenerate with the dx2–y2 orbital.
cBands originating from the Y 4dxy orbitals π-bonding with the halides are also present near the CBM but are at slightly higher energies and don't interact with the σ-bonding Ag 5s states (see ESI).
dSee ESI for extended discussion of the appearance of alkali p character in the conduction band of these materials.
eThe dxy orbital is degenerate with dxz and dyz orbitals.
fThe calculated density of states is only available for the bromide, which has not been synthesized experimentally. The isostructural Cs2NaInCl6 has been synthesized.
g“MA” corresponds to CH3NH3+.
hThe reported density of states does not distinguish between Tl+ and Tl3+ contributions. These were determined based on chemical reasoning.