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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 12.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2018 Jun 6;49(4):675–684. doi: 10.1017/S003329171800137X

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Greater acceleration in alcohol use across adolescence predicts increased ventral striatum reactivity during the anticipation of rewards at age 20

Note. Greater acceleration in adolescent alcohol use is related to increased left VS reactivity in the left VS ROI (centered at peak voxel: t=4.21, k=7; x=−14, y=18, z=−12, p<.05FWE), controlling for alcohol starting level, race, and income. A smaller cluster was also significant (not shown in figure) centered at peak voxel: t=3.82, k=5, x=−12, y=10, z=−12, p<.05FWE). The relationship between adolescent alcohol use and increased left VS reactivity also emerged after controlling for alcohol starting level, marijuana and tobacco use across adolescence, race, family income, earlier ADHD and CD, extraversion and impulsivity at age 20, and MDD, PTSD, GAD, SP, and APD symptoms at age 20 (t=4.21, k=1; x=−14, y=18, z=−12, p<.05FWE).