Table 1. Characteristics of study population by demand-control status of the longest-held job.
| Characteristics | Active | Low Strain | High Strain | Passive | p | |||
| n=1611 | n= 421 | n=292 | n=255 | |||||
| Age (years) | 71 ± 10 | 75 ± 10* | 74 ± 10* | 77 ± 11* | <0.001 | |||
| Female sex | 915 (56.8) | 316 (75.1) | 199 (68.2) | 172 (67.5) | <0.001 | |||
| Education | ||||||||
| Elementary | 107 (6.6) | 84 (20.0) | 61 (20.9) | 125 (49.0) | <0.001 | |||
| High school | 725 (45.0) | 276 (65.6) | 172 (58.9) | 113 (44.3) | ||||
| University | 779 (48.4) | 61 (14.5) | 59 (20.2) | 17 (6.7) | ||||
| Physical leisure activity | ||||||||
| Low | 296 (19.8) | 86 (23.3) | 49 (19.4) | 47 (22.4) | ||||
| Moderate | 784 (52.6) | 213 (57.7) | 135 (53.3) | 131 (62.4) | <0.001 | |||
| High | 411 (27.6) | 70 (19.0) | 69 (27.3) | 32 (15.2) | ||||
| Mental leisure activity | ||||||||
| Low | 490 (33.6) | 168 (47.1) | 109 (44.7) | 114 (55.3) | ||||
| Moderate | 554 (37.9) | 131 (36.7) | 88 (36.1) | 69 (33.5) | <0.001 | |||
| High | 416 (28.5) | 58 (16.2) | 47 (19.2) | 23 (11.2) | ||||
| Social leisure activity | ||||||||
| Low | 874 (59.2) | 243 (66.9) | 142 (57.3) | 138 (66.7) | ||||
| Moderate | 371 (25.1) | 80 (22.1) | 68 (27.4) | 42 (20.3) | <0.05 | |||
| High | 232 (15.7) | 40 (11.0) | 38 (15.3) | 27 (13.0) | ||||
| Early-life SES | ||||||||
| Low | 513 (33.2) | 187 (47.1) | 137 (49.5) | 141 (58.8) | ||||
| Intermediate | 506 (32.7) | 109 (27.5) | 69 (24.9) | 62 (25.8) | <0.001 | |||
| High | 528 (34.1) | 101 (25.4) | 71 (25.6) | 37 (15.4) | ||||
| Heart diseases | 335 (20.8) | 125 (29.7) | 66 (22.6) | 87 (34.1) | <0.001 | |||
| APOE ɛ4 carriers | 450 (29.3) | 110 (28.1) | 78 (28.5) | 67 (28.4) | 0.97 | |||
| MMSE score | 29.0 ± 1.3 | 28.4 ± 1.8* | 28.6 ± 1.6* | 27.9 ± 2.1* | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviations or number (proportion %).
Heart diseases include atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiac valve disease, bradycardias and conduction diseases.
Abbreviations: SES, socioeconomic status; APOE ɛ4, apolipoprotein E ɛ4; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
Missing data: Physical leisure activity=256, Mental leisure activity=312, Social leisure activity=284, Early-life SES=118, APOE ɛ4=141, MMSE=10.
* Pairwise mean comparison using Bonferroni correction: p<0.05 (reference group was active job).