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. 2020 Feb 20;12(4):3730–3746. doi: 10.18632/aging.102843

Table 1. Characteristics of study population by demand-control status of the longest-held job.

Characteristics Active Low Strain High Strain Passive p
n=1611 n= 421 n=292 n=255
Age (years) 71 ± 10 75 ± 10* 74 ± 10* 77 ± 11* <0.001
Female sex 915 (56.8) 316 (75.1) 199 (68.2) 172 (67.5) <0.001
Education
 Elementary 107 (6.6) 84 (20.0) 61 (20.9) 125 (49.0) <0.001
 High school 725 (45.0) 276 (65.6) 172 (58.9) 113 (44.3)
 University 779 (48.4) 61 (14.5) 59 (20.2) 17 (6.7)
Physical leisure activity
 Low 296 (19.8) 86 (23.3) 49 (19.4) 47 (22.4)
 Moderate 784 (52.6) 213 (57.7) 135 (53.3) 131 (62.4) <0.001
 High 411 (27.6) 70 (19.0) 69 (27.3) 32 (15.2)
Mental leisure activity
 Low 490 (33.6) 168 (47.1) 109 (44.7) 114 (55.3)
 Moderate 554 (37.9) 131 (36.7) 88 (36.1) 69 (33.5) <0.001
 High 416 (28.5) 58 (16.2) 47 (19.2) 23 (11.2)
Social leisure activity
 Low 874 (59.2) 243 (66.9) 142 (57.3) 138 (66.7)
 Moderate 371 (25.1) 80 (22.1) 68 (27.4) 42 (20.3) <0.05
 High 232 (15.7) 40 (11.0) 38 (15.3) 27 (13.0)
Early-life SES
 Low 513 (33.2) 187 (47.1) 137 (49.5) 141 (58.8)
 Intermediate 506 (32.7) 109 (27.5) 69 (24.9) 62 (25.8) <0.001
 High 528 (34.1) 101 (25.4) 71 (25.6) 37 (15.4)
Heart diseases 335 (20.8) 125 (29.7) 66 (22.6) 87 (34.1) <0.001
APOE ɛ4 carriers 450 (29.3) 110 (28.1) 78 (28.5) 67 (28.4) 0.97
MMSE score 29.0 ± 1.3 28.4 ± 1.8* 28.6 ± 1.6* 27.9 ± 2.1* <0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviations or number (proportion %).

Heart diseases include atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiac valve disease, bradycardias and conduction diseases.

Abbreviations: SES, socioeconomic status; APOE ɛ4, apolipoprotein E ɛ4; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.

Missing data: Physical leisure activity=256, Mental leisure activity=312, Social leisure activity=284, Early-life SES=118, APOE ɛ4=141, MMSE=10.

* Pairwise mean comparison using Bonferroni correction: p<0.05 (reference group was active job).