Table 2. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident dementia associated with demand-control categories among the total sample and among two age cohorts.

Job category	N	No. of cases	Model 1a		Model 2b
			HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Overall
Active	1611	151	Ref.		Ref.
Low strain	421	55	1.11 (0.80-1.53)	0.54	1.07 (0.77-1.50)	0.67
High strain	292	37	1.05 (0.72-1.53)	0.80	1.03 (0.70-1.53)	0.87
Passive	255	39	1.02 (0.69-1.49)	0.93	1.01 (0.68-1.49)	0.96
Aged ≤72
Active	1064	40	Ref.		Ref.
Low strain	196	10	0.85 (0.41-1.76)	0.66	0.77 (0.36-1.66)	0.50
High strain	158	4	0.40 (0.12-1.30)	0.13	0.39 (0.12-1.29)	0.12
Passive	98	9	2.36 (1.09-5.15)	<0.05	2.50 (1.10-5.67)	<0.05
Aged ≥78
Active	547	111	Ref.		Ref.
Low strain	225	45	1.11 (0.77-1.59)	0.59	1.07 (0.74-1.56)	0.72
High strain	134	33	1.23 (0.82-1.84)	0.31	1.16 (0.76-1.77)	0.50
Passive	157	30	0.92 (0.60-1.42)	0.71	0.90 (0.58-1.41)	0.65

^a Adjusted for age, sex, and education; ^b Adjusted for age, sex, education, heart diseases, leisure activity engagement, and early-life socioeconomic status.