Table 3.
Recent proton therapy studies for skull-base tumors (chordoma and chondrosarcoma) in adult patients
| Author [ref] | year | Tumor type | apatients | Mean Dose (GyRBE) (Range) |
Mean FU (months) |
Proton Therapy only |
PBS only | Outcome | Positive prognostic factors LC (p < 0.05) [Univariate analysis] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youn et al.61 | 2018 | chordoma | 34 | 69.6 | 42.8 | yes | yes | 5yLC: 87.3%b 5yOS: 92.9%b |
Skull-base vs cervical |
| Fung et al.53c | 2018 | chordoma | 106 | (68.4–73.8) | 61.0 | no | no | 5yLC: 88.6% | Tumor volume < 25 cc |
| Weber et al.51c | 2018 | ChSa | 251 | 70.2 | 88.0 | no | no | 5yLC: 93.1% 5yOS: 93.6% |
Tumor volume < 25 cc Non-OA compression |
| Takagi et al.54 | 2018 | chordoma | 11 | 65.0/20 fx | 71.5 | yes | 5yLC: 85.0%b 5yOS: 86%b |
Surgery before PTb | |
| Demizu et al.64 | 2017 | Chordoma & ChSa | 68 | 70 | 52.6 | yes | yes | 5yLC: 71.1% 5yOS: 75.3% |
Female gender |
| Weber et al.51 | 2016 | Chordoma & ChSa | 222 | 72.5 | 50.0 | yes | yes | 7yLC: 70.9% 7yLC: 93.6%d 7yOS: 81.7%b |
Non-compression BS GTV ChSa vs chordoma |
| Hayashi et al.62 | 2016 | chordoma | 19 | 77.4–78.4a | 61.7 | yes | yes | 5yLC: 75.0% 5yOS: 83.2% |
NR |
| Feuvret et al.65c | 2016 | ChSa | 159 | 70.2 | 77.0 | no | no | 5yLC: 96.4% 5yOS: 94.9% |
Age < 40 yearse primary disease statuse |
| Deraniyagala et al.66 | 2014 | chordoma | 33 | (77.4–79.4) | 21.0 | yes | no | 2yLC: 86.0% 2yOS: 92.0% |
NR |
| Yasuda et al.67c | 2012 | chordoma | 17 | 68.9 | 46.1 | no | no | 5yLC: 70.0%b 5yOS: 83.4%b |
≥47 years Skull-base vs CCJ |
| Fuji et al.68 | 2011 | Chordoma & ChSa | 16 | 63.0 | 42.0 | yes | yes | 3yLC: 86.0% (chordoma) 3yOS: 100.0% (chordoma) 3yLC: 100.0% (ChSa) 3yOS: 100.0% (ChSa) |
NR |
| Noel et al.69 | 2001 | Chordoma & ChSa | 45 | 67.0 | 30.5 | no | no | 3yLC: 83.1% (chordoma) 3yOS: 91.0% (chordoma) 3yLC: 90.0% (ChSa) 3yOS: 90.0% (ChSa) |
<55 years Tumor volume < 29 cc |
| Hug et al.52 | 1999 | Chordoma & ChSa | 58 | 70.7 | 33.0 | yes | no | 5yLC: 54.0%(chordoma) 5yOS: 88.0%(ChSa) |
Tumor volume < 25 cc Non-compression BS |
| Terahara et al.70c | 1999 | Chordoma | 115 | 68.9 | NR | no | no | 5yLC: 79.0% (chordoma) 5yOS: 59.0% (chordoma) 5yLC: 94.0% (ChSa) 5yOS: NR (ChSa) |
Male gender Minimum dose Target dose EUD |
| Munzenrider et al.71 | 1999 | Chordoma & ChSa | 621 | (66.0–83.0) | 41d | no | no | 10LC: 54.0% (chordoma) 10OS: 54.0% (chordoma) 10yLC: 88.0% (ChSa) 10yOS: 90.0% (ChSa) |
Male gender Tumor volume < 70 cc |
| Austin-Seymour et al.72 | 1989 | ChSa | 68 | 69.0 | 41 | no | no | 5yLC: 82% 5yDFS: 76% |
NR |
| Berson et al.73 | 1988 | Chordoma & ChSa | 45 | (59.4–80.0) | 33pts > 1 year | no | no | 5yLC: 59.0%b 5yOS: 62.0%b |
ChSa Tumor volume <20 cc Non-recurrent tumour |
LC, local control; OS, overall survival; ChSa, chondrosarcoma; BS, brainstem; GTV, Gross tumor volume; CCJ, cranio-cervical junction; EUD, equivalent uniform dose; PT, proton therapy; fx, fraction; NR, not reported; OA, optic apparatus; pts, patients; FU, follow-up.
a
Hyperfractionated proton therapy
b
Entire cohort, including skull base and extra cranial tumours
c
Partial publication of cohort outcome in another paper
d
Chondrosarcoma only
e
For Progression-free survival
f
Median value