A comparison between VMAT and PBS proton therapy to a Grade 1 NSCLC tumour. For the proton plan, field-specific range adapted PTV’s have been used in order to take into account range induced range changes. Even though such an approach somewhat mitigates the advantage of proton therapy, there is still a clear reduction of integral dose to the ipsi-lateral lung using protons. NSCLC,non-small-cell lung carcinoma; PBS, pencil beam scanning; PTV, planning targetvolume; VMAT, volumetric-modulated arc therapy.