TABLE 2—

Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate per 1000 Persons by Race/Ethnicity Within Categories of Sex, Education, Income, and Baseline Examination Center: CARDIA, United States, 1985–2017

Race/Ethnicity	All	Black	White	Pa
Overall	24.17	30.00	17.25	< .001
Sex
Male	35.86	45.17	25.20	< .001
Female	14.23	17.63	10.10
Education
High school or less	61.69	48.21	36.66	< .001
Some college	30.74	27.03	20.50
College graduates	12.71	15.29	11.16
Difficulty paying for basics
Not very hard	21.51	29.65	13.59	< .001
Somewhat hard	31.32	31.14	31.54
Hard	28.83	31.15	24.70
Very hard	26.12	28.62	20.00
Field center
Birmingham, AL	30.36	35.50	23.91	< .001
Chicago, IL	20.69	26.83	13.93
Minneapolis, MN	22.35	30.58	14.55
Oakland, CA	23.55	27.32	17.78

Note. CARDIA = Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.

^aχ² analyses performed to compare age-adjusted mortality rates among Black and White participants across categorical variables describing sociodemographic characteristics. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated by using direct standardization.¹⁹