Table 3. Trends in functional dependence (BI < 15) at initial assessment and 3 months after the first-ever IS.
| Adjusted disability rates (BI < 15)† | Adjusted RR per year (95% CI)‡ | p-Value for trend§ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000‒2003 | 2004‒2007 | 2008‒2011 | 2012‒2015 | |||
| At initial assessment (7 d) | ||||||
| Overall ISs | 53.5 | 52.2 | 43.7 | 39.6 | 0.976 (0.964‒0.988) | <0.0001* |
| By ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 55.8 | 53.6 | 45.7 | 40 | 0.974 (0.959‒0.989) | <0.0001* |
| Black | 47 | 47.7 | 34.6 | 36.7 | 0.977 (0.953‒0.999) | 0.005* |
| By sex | ||||||
| Male | 46.2 | 44.4 | 33.3 | 26.1 | 0.959 (0.941‒0.978) | <0.0001* |
| Female | 59.9 | 58.5 | 53.1 | 53.9 | 0.988 (0.973‒0.999) | 0.043* |
| By age group | ||||||
| <55 y | 33.1 | 29.8 | 23.2 | 24.2 | 0.968 (0.942‒0.996) | 0.013* |
| 55+ y | 60.9 | 60 | 50.8 | 44.7 | 0.977 (0.964‒0.990) | <0.0001* |
| By TOAST subtype | ||||||
| LAA | 72.4 | 55.7 | 55.3 | 46.6 | 0.975 (0.939‒0.999) | 0.009* |
| CE | 65 | 65.3 | 58.6 | 49.7 | 0.979 (0.959‒0.999) | 0.0009* |
| SVO | 34.6 | 33.4 | 24.9 | 22.5 | 0.964 (0.934‒0.994) | 0.004* |
| UND | 57.4 | 54.3 | 43.5 | 41 | 0.973 (0.953‒0.994) | <0.0001* |
| At 3 mo post stroke | ||||||
| Overall ISs | 34.7 | 32 | 30.8 | 26.8 | 0.983 (0.968‒0.998) | 0.002* |
| By ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 35.7 | 31.5 | 30.2 | 28.1 | 0.982 (0.964‒0.999) | 0.013* |
| Black | 31.8 | 33.6 | 27.9 | 24.3 | 0.981 (0.951‒0.999) | 0.043* |
| By sex | ||||||
| Male | 28.6 | 25.3 | 23.1 | 18.9 | 0.972 (0.948‒0.996) | 0.002* |
| Female | 40.5 | 38.1 | 38.1 | 34.9 | 0.991 (0.972‒1.01) | 0.17 |
| By age group | ||||||
| <55 y | 23.3 | 17.1 | 19.1 | 14 | 0.967 (0.932‒0.999) | 0.036* |
| 55+ y | 39.3 | 37.4 | 34.8 | 31.7 | 0.985 (0.969‒0.999) | 0.013* |
| By TOAST subtype | ||||||
| LAA** | 59 | 31.5 | 42.3 | 33.4 | 0.974 (0.929‒1.021) | 0.05 |
| CE | 42 | 42.3 | 36.7 | 32.8 | 0.982 (0.958‒0.999) | 0.036* |
| SVO** | 22 | 21.3 | 20 | 17.5 | 0.988 (0.94‒1.017) | 0.17 |
| UND | 36.7 | 33 | 32.6 | 27.8 | 0.982 (0.958‒1.007) | 0.05 |
†Unless otherwise indicated, figures are adjusted for demographic variables as appropriate (see Table 1). Adjusted rates for each time cohort were obtained by multiplying the observed rate for the reference period (2000‒2003) by the corresponding RRs for the later periods from a model evaluating time cohorts as a categorical variable.
‡Adjusted risk ratios were determined with a model evaluating calendar year as a continuous variable.
§p-Values were obtained from the Cochran-Armitage tests for trend.
*Denotes significant trends (p < 0.05).
**Unadjusted because of small number of events.
Abbreviations: BI, Barthel Index; CE, cardio-embolism; CI, confidence interval; IS, ischaemic stroke; LAA, large-artery atherosclerosis; RR, rate ratio; SVO, small-vessel occlusion; TOAST, Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; UND, undetermined aetiologies