Table 3. Association (regression coefficient, 95% confidence interval) of degree of closetedness with loneliness and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older queer men in India.
| Loneliness | Depressive symptoms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Closetedness | 6.300*** (4.125, 8.475) | 2.519* (0.452, 4.585) | 1.320 (-0.884, 3.524) | 1.882*** (0.997, 2.767) | 0.589 (-0.295, 1.474) | 0.043 (-0.861, 0.947) |
| Age | -0.024 (-0.143, 0.096) | 0.002 (-0.120, 0.116) | -0.010 (-0.061, 0.042) | -0.007 (-0.056, 0.041) | ||
| Sexual orientation | ||||||
| Bisexual | -3.942 (-10.558, 2.674) | -2.742 (-9.210, 3.726) | -3.086* (-5.916, -0.256) | -2.137 (-4.791, 0.516) | ||
| Gay | -0.301 (-6.384, 5.782) | 1.008 (-4.925, 6.942) | -0.852 (-3.454, 1.750) | -0.259 (-2.694, 2.175) | ||
| Relationship status | ||||||
| Partnered | -1.963 (-4.770, 0.844) | -2.785 (-5.659, 0.089) | -0.123 (-1.324, 1.078) | -0.689 (-1.868, 0.490) | ||
| Educational level | 1.028 (-0.896, 2.952) | 0.780 (-1.254, 2.814) | 0.137 (-0.686, 0.960) | -0.317 (-1.152, 0.517) | ||
| Living arrangement | ||||||
| Urban | 1.892 (-3.882, 7.665) | 1.338 (-4.600, 7.276) | 0.844 (-1.626, 3.314) | -0.041 (-2.477, 2.395) | ||
| Annual income | -2.927*** (-4.144, -1.709) | -2.436*** (-3.644, -1.228) | -0.980*** (-1.501, -0.460) | -0.747** (-1.244, -0.252) | ||
| Participation in LGB events | -3.502* (-6.932, -0.073) | -1.026 (-2.433, 0.381) | ||||
| Optimism | -0.509** (-0.854, -0.164) | -0.216** (-0.358, -0.075) | ||||
| Stress resilience | -0.443 (-0.888, 0.002) | -0.323*** (-0.506, -0.141) | ||||
| Perceived social support | -0.013 (-0.465, 0.439) | -0.055 (-0.240, 0.131) | ||||
| Internalized homophobia | 0.731 (0.533, 0.930) | 0.593*** (0.382, 0.806) | 0.263 (0.178, 0.348) | 0.234*** (0.147, 0.322) | ||
| N | 207 | 207 | 193 | 207 | 207 | 193 |
* p<0.05,
** p<0.01,
*** p<0.001
Model 1: Unadjusted model
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sexual orientation, relationship status, educational attainment, living arrangement, annual income, and internalized homophobia
Model 3: Fully adjusted model (additionally adjusted for participation in LGB events, optimism, stress resilience, and perceived social support)