Table 5. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of caesarean section corresponding to the associated factors in South and South-East Asian countries.
| Factor | Vietnam | Maldives | Timor-Leste | Nepal | Indonesia | Pakistan | Bangladesh | Cambodia | India |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.15*(1.10,1.20) | 1.08*(1.06,1.10) | 1.11* (1.07,1.15) | 1.11* (1.07,1.15) | 1.07* (1.06,1.08) | 1.04* (1.03,1.06) | 1.08* (1.05,1.11) | 1.10*(1.081.12) | 1.07* (1.06,1.08) |
| Maternal Edu | |||||||||
| No EducationR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 0.68(0.19,2.45) | 1.12 (0.85,1.48) | 1.54(0.81,2.94) | 1.43(0.87,2.35) | 1.94(0.99,3.78) | 1.59* (1.31,1.92) | 1.26 (0.78,2.03) | 1.38(0.91,2.10) | 1.20*(1.05,1.36) |
| Secondary | 0.85(0.25,2.85) | 1.32 (0.97,1.81) | 1.40(0.77,2.53) | 1.51(0.98,2.32) | 2.50* (1.29,4.84) | 1.91* (1.61,2.26) | 1.94* (1.24,3.02) | 1.82* (1.18,2.79) | 1.28* (1.16,1.41) |
| Higher | 1.20(0.31,4.63) | 1.02 (0.63,1.65) | 1.75(0.76,4.03) | 2.06*(1.24,3.42) | 3.95* (2.03,7.69) | 2.32* (1.93,2.79) | 2.6*(1.60,4.23) | 3.19*(1.915.35) | 1.56* (1.38,1.76) |
| Institution | |||||||||
| GovernmentR | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Private | 0.14(0.02,1.06) | 0.91 (0.71,1.18) | - | 2.69*(2.03,3.58) | 0.68* (0.61,0.75) | 1.22* (1.07,1.38) | 4.39* (3.55,5.43) | 2.48* (2.00,3.07) | 3.64* (3.55,3.74) |
| Birth order | |||||||||
| 1 | 25.56* (5.44,60.12) | 4.86* (3.58,6.59) | 6.68* (3.70,12.08) | 5.03* (2.50,10.14) | 2.80* (2.28,3.43) | 2.87* (2.30,3.57) | 4.41* (2.60,7.47) | 3.76* (2.515.61) |
8.59* (7.82,9.42) |
| 2 | 11.05* (2.44,50.08) | 3.17* (2.41,4.18) | 2.93* (1.65,5.21) | 3.60*(1.89,6.87) | 1.89* (1.57,2.27) | 1.99* (1.65,2.41) | 2.58* (1.61,4.12) | 1.94* (1.34,2.81) | 5.68* (5.19,6.21) |
| 3 | 7.59* (1.57,36.74) | 1.83* (1.39,2.42) | 2.06* (1.21,3.50) | 3.12*(1.57,6.20) | 1.44* (1.19,1.74) | 2.02* (1.68,2.44) | 1.99* (1.23,3.24) | 1.34* (0.90,1.98) | 3.08* (2.75,3.31) |
| 4+R | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| RuralR | 1.78* (1.15,2.77) | 1.15 (0.93,1.43) | 0.85(0.59,1.21) | 1.85*(1.39,2.46) | 1.13* (1.01,1.25) | 1.15* (1.01,1.32) | 1.14(0.93,1.40) | 1.79* (1.45,2.21) | 1.18* (1.10,1.26) |
| Baby’s size | |||||||||
| Smaller than average | 1.07(0.55,2.06) | 1.07 (0.87,1.31) | 0.97(0.60,1.59) | 1.15(0.78,1.69) | 1.12(0.97,1.29) | 1.48* (1.27,1.73) | 1.02(0.78,1.33) | 1.17(0.85,1.61) | 1.06(0.98,1.15) |
| Avg. or moreavgR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Large | 7.65* (2.19,26.74) | 2.25* (1.53,3.31) | 1.58(0.75,3.29) | 1.67(0.72,3.89) | 1.25 (0.98,1.58) | 0.89 (0.35,2.23) | 1.95 (0.85,4.43) | 1.41 (0.912.17) | 1.47* (1.27,1.70) |
R stands for reference group.
*Statistically significant at 95% CI.